7 Benzodiazepines & Aggression, Suicide, Violence
Table of Contents
7.8 Violence: Intimate Partner 5
7.9 Benzodiazepine & Aggression / Violence / Suicidality by Subpopulation. 5
7.1 Animal Studies |
Gourley SL, Debold JF, Yin W, et al. Benzodiazepines and heightened aggressive behavior in rats: reduction by GABA(A)/alpha(1) receptor antagonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005;178(2-3):232-40. Abstract
Miczek KA, Weerts EM, DeBold JF. Alcohol, benzodiazepine-GABAA receptor complex and aggression: ethological analysis of individual differences in rodents and primates. J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 1993;11:170-9. Abstract
Miczek KA, Weerts EM, Tornatzky W, et al. Alcohol and “bursts” of aggressive behavior: ethological analysis of individual differences in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992;107(4):551-63. Abstract
7.2 Neurophysiology |
Birger M, Swartz M, Cohen D, et al. Aggression: the testosterone-serotonin link. Isr Med Assoc J. 2003;5(9):653-8. Abstract
Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ, Hauger RL, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin levels: correlates with aggression and serotonin function in personality-disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55(8):708-14. Abstract
Lee R, Petty F, Coccaro EF. Cerebrospinal fluid GABA concentration: relationship with impulsivity and history of suicidal behavior, but not aggression, in human subjects. J Psychiatr Res. 2009;43(4):353-9. Abstract
7.3 Epidemiology |
Frost J, Slørdal L, Vege Å, Nordrum IS. Forensic autopsies in a naturalistic setting in Norway: autopsy rates and toxicological findings. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;223(1-3):353-8. Abstract
7.4 Aggressive Behavior |
Azcarate CL. Minor tranquilizers in the treatment of aggression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1975;160(2-1):100-7. Abstract
Ben-Porath DD, Taylor SP. The effects of diazepam (valium) and aggressive disposition on human aggression: an experimental investigation. Addict Behav. 2002;27(2):167-77. Abstract
Berman ME, Jones GD, McCloskey MS. The effects of diazepam on human self-aggressive behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005;178(1):100-6. Abstract
Fava M. Psychopharmacologic treatment of pathologic aggression. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1997;20(2):427-51. Abstract
Fond G, Boyer L, Favez M, et al. Medication and aggressiveness in real-world schizophrenia. Results from the FACE-SZ dataset. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016;233(4):571-8. Abstract
Gillet C, Polard E, Mauduit N, Allain H. Acting out and psychoactive substances: alcohol, drugs, illicit substances. Encephale. 2001;27(4):351-9. Abstract
Goedhard LE, Stolker JJ, Heerdink ER, et al. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of aggressive behavior in general adult psychiatry: A systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(7):1013-24. Abstract
Hughes DH, Kleespies PM. Treating aggression in the psychiatric emergency service. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64 Suppl 4:10-5. Abstract
Humble F, Berk M. Pharmacological management of aggression and violence. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003;18(6):423-36. Abstract
Jones, KA, Nielsen S, Bruno R, et al. Benzodiazepines – their role in aggression and why GPs should prescribe with caution. Aust Fam Physician. 2011;40(11):862-5. Article
Perkins AM, Leonard AM, Weaver K, et al. A dose of ruthlessness: interpersonal moral judgment is hardened by the anti-anxiety drug lorazepam. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2013;142(3):612-20. Abstract
Rodgers RJ, Waters AJ. Benzodiazepines and their antagonists: a pharmacoethological analysis with particular reference to effects on “aggression”. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1985;9(1):21-35. Abstract
Uzun S, Kozumplik O. Reinforcement of irritability during therapy with benzodiazepines. Psychiatr Danub. 2011;23(1):129-30. Article
Volavka J, Citrome L, Huertas D. Update on the biological treatment of aggression. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2006;34(2):123-35. Abstract
Weisman AM, Berman ME, Taylor SP. Effects of clorazepate, diazepam, and oxazepam on a laboratory measurement of aggression in men. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998;13(4):183-8. Abstract
Wilkinson CJ. Effects of diazepam (Valium) and trait anxiety on human physical aggression and emotional state. J Behav Med. 1985;8(1):101-14. Abstract
7.5 Suicidality |
Alsén M, Ekedahl A, Löwenhielm P, et al. Medicine self-poisoning and the sources of the drugs in Lund, Sweden. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;89(4):255-61. Abstract
Brower KJ, McCammon RJ, Wojnar M, et al. Prescription sleeping pills, insomnia, and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(4):515-21. Abstract
Buckley NA, Whyte IM, Dawson AH, et al. Self-poisoning in Newcastle, 1987-1992. Med J Aust. 1995;162(4):190-3. Abstract
Carter GL, Whyte IM, Ball K, et al. Repetition of deliberate self-poisoning in an Australian hospital-treated population. Med J Aust. 1999;170(7):307-11. Abstract
Coleridge J, Cameron PA, Drummer OH, McNeil JJ. Survey of drug-related deaths in Victoria. Med J Aust. 1992;157(7):459-62. Abstract
Darke S, Duflou J, Torok M. Drugs and violent death: comparative toxicology of homicide and non-substance toxicity suicide victims. Addiction. 2009;104(6):1000-5. Abstract
Darke S, Ross J, Lynskey M, Teesson M. Attempted suicide among entrants to three treatment modalities for heroin dependence in the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS): prevalence and risk factors. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004;73(1):1-10. Abstract
Dodds TJ. Prescribed benzodiazepines and suicide risk: a review of the literature. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2017;19(2). Abstract
Drummer OH, Ranson DL. Sudden death and benzodiazepines. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1996;17(4):336-42. Abstract
Ericsson HR, Holmgren P, Jakobsson SW, et al. Benzodiazepine findings in autopsy material. A study shows interacting factors in fatal cases. Lakartidningen. 1993;90(45):3954-7. Abstract
Isacsson G, Holmgren P, Druid H, Bergman U. Psychotropics and suicide prevention. Implications from toxicological screening of 5281 suicides in Sweden 1992-1994. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;174:259-65. Abstract
Joughin N, Tata P, Collins M, et al. In-patient withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use. Br J Addict. 1991;86(4):449-55. Abstract
Lee D, Delcher C, Maldonado-Molina MM, et al. Manners of death in drug-related fatalities in Florida. J Forensic Sci. 2016;61(3):735-42. Abstract
Matsumoto T. Current situation of suicide in Japan, and what pharmacists contribute to suicide prevention. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2013;133(6):599-615. Abstract
McCall WV, Benca RM, Rosenquist PB, et al. Hypnotic medications and suicide: risk, mechanisms, mitigation, and the FDA. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174(1):18-25. Abstract
Mendelson WB, Rich CL. Sedatives and suicide: the San Diego study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993;88(5):337-41. Abstract
Michel K, Waeber V, Valach L, et al. A comparison of the drugs taken in fatal and nonfatal self-poisoning. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;90(3):184-9. Abstract
Michel K, Arestegui G, Spuhler T. Suicide with psychotropic drugs in Switzerland. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1994;27(3):114-8. Abstract
Neale G, Smith AJ. Self-harm and suicide associated with benzodiazepine usage. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57(538):407-8. Article
Neutel CI, Patten SB. Risk of suicide attempts after benzodiazepine and/or antidepressant use. Ann Epidemiol. 1997;7(8):568-74. Abstract
Pae CU, Koh JS, Lee SJ, et al. Association of sedative-hypnotic medications with suicidality. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011;11(3):345-9. Abstract
Pigeon WR, Woosley JA, Lichstein KL. Insomnia and hypnotic medications are associated with suicidal ideation in a community population. Arch Suicide Res. 2014;18(2):170-80. Abstract
Serfaty M, Masterton G. Fatal poisonings attributed to benzodiazepines in Britain during the 1980s. Br J Psychiatry. 1993;163:386-93. Abstract
Ticehurst S, Carter GL, Clover KA, et al. Elderly patients with deliberate self-poisoning treated in an Australian general hospital. Int Psychogeriatr. 2002;14(1):97-105. Abstract
Youssef NA, Rich CL. Does acute treatment with sedatives/hypnotics for anxiety in depressed patients affect suicide risk? A literature review. Ann Clin Psych. 2008;20(3):157-69. Link
7.6 Violence |
[No authors listed] Medication-induced violence others towards. Prescrire Int. 2014;23(150):153-5. Abstract
Gillet C, Polard E, Mauduit N, Allain H. Acting out and psychoactive substances: alcohol, drugs, illicit substances. Encephale. 2001;27(4):351-9. Abstract
Jones, KA, Nielsen S, Bruno R, et al. Benzodiazepines – their role in aggression and why GPs should prescribe with caution. Aust Fam Physician. 2011;40(11):862-5. Article
Lewis 2015 Benzodiazepines: Psychiatry’s Weakest Link
Lynch MA, Lindsay J, Ounstead. Tranquilizers causing aggression. Br Med J. 1975;1(5952):266. Letter
UK Documentary on Psyh Meds and Violence. 2017
7.7 Violence: Gun |
Note: No evidence-based literature was found. News articles below
Lazarwitz 2015 Mass Murders, Psychiatric Drugs, and Gun Control
Meloy 2014 7 Myths of Mass Murder
Sarich 2014 Xanax, Anti-Depressants Linked To Mass Shootings – Again
Sarich 2014 Xanax, Anti-Depressants Linked To Mass Shootings – Again
Zodeaux 2013 Once again Psychatric Medications Linked to Another Mass Shooting
7.8 Violence: Homicide |
Darke S, Duflou J, Torok M. Drugs and violent death: comparative toxicology of homicide and non-substance toxicity suicide victims. Addiction. 2009;104(6):1000-5. Abstract
Hedlund J, Ahlner J, Kristiansson M, Sturup J. A population-based study on toxicological findings in Swedish homicide victims and offenders from 2007 to 2009. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;244:25-9. Abstract
La Harpe R, Mohamed NB, Burkhardt S. Gunshot deaths in Geneva, Switzerland: 2001 to 2010. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2013;34(3):248-52. Abstract
Tiihonen J, Lehti M, Aaltonen M. Psychotropic drugs and homicide: a prospective cohort study from Finland. World Psychiatry. 2015;14(2):245-7. Article
Vuori E, Pelander A, Rasanen I, et al. A rare case of serial killing by poisoning. Drug Test Anal. 2013;5(9-10):725-9. Abstract
7.9 Violence: Intimate Partner |
Howard LM, Oram S, Galley H, et al. Domestic violence and perinatal mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2013;10(5):e1001452. Article
Trevillion K, Oram S, Feder G, Howard LM. Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51740. Article
7.10 Benzodiazepine & Aggression / Violence / Suicidality by Subpopulation |
Armed Services / Veterans
Addict
Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease
Care Facilities
Cognitive Dysfunction
Criminal Justice
Elderly
Carsten A, Waern M, Holmgren P, Allebeck P. The role of benzodiazepines in elderly suicides. Scan J Pub Health. 2003;31(3):224-8. Abstract
Ethnicity
African-American
Asian
Caucasian
Hispanic
Native American
Pacific Island
Health Care Providers
Gold KJ, Sen A, Schwenk TL. Details on suicide among US physicians: data from the National Violent Death Reporting System. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35(1):45-9. Abstract
Hepatic Disease
HIV / AIDS
LGBT
Men
Pain
Palliative Care – End of Life
Pediatric
Psychiatric Disease
Renal Disease
Sleep Disorders
Sleep Apnea
Surgical
Swallowing Disorders
Women
Perinatal
Nursing
