2. Adverse Effects of Anxiety
See also: Anxiety
Anxiety Neurophysiology
[sta_anchor id=”adverse” /]2.1 Adverse Effects Overall
Aging
Perna G, Iannone G, Alciati A, Caldirola D. Are anxiety disorders associated with accelerated aging? A focus on neuroprogression. Neural Plast. 2016;2016:8457612. Article
Mortality
Celano CM, Millstein RA, Bedoya CA, et al. Association between anxiety and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2015;170(6):1105-15. Abstract
Hospitalization / Emergency Department
Quality of Life
Comer JS, Blanco C, Hasin DS, et al. Health-related quality of life across the anxiety disorders: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(1):43-50. Article
Sareen J, Jacobi F, Cox BJ, et al. Disability and poor quality of life associated with comorbid anxiety disorders and physical conditions. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(19):2109-16. Abstract
Sherbourne CD, Wells KB, Meredith LS, et al. Comorbid anxiety disorder and the functioning and well-being of chronically ill patients of general medical providers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):889-95. Abstract
[sta_anchor id=”toc514076749″ /]2.2 Medical Effects: By Organ System
Hematologic
Cancer
Immunologic
Dermatologic
HEENT
Respiratory
Blechert J, Michael T, Grossman P, et al. Autonomic and respiratory characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(9):935-43. Abstract
Cardiovascular
Blechert J, Michael T, Grossman P, et al. Autonomic and respiratory characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(9):935-43. Abstract
Cohen H, Benjamin J, Geva AB, et al. Autonomic dysregulation in panic disorder and in post-traumatic stress disorder: application of power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability at rest and in response to recollection of trauma or panic attacks. Psychiatry Res. 2000;96(1):1-13. Abstract
Cohen H, Kotler M, Matar MA, et al. Analysis of heart rate variability in posttraumatic stress disorder patients in response to a trauma-related reminder. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44(10):1054-9. Abstract
Frasure-Smith N, Lespérance F. Depression and anxiety as predictors of 2-year cardiac events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(1):62-71. Abstract
Pelletier R, Bacon SL, Arsenault A, et al. Relative associations between depression and anxiety on adverse cardiovascular events: does a history of coronary artery disease matter? A prospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(12):e006582. Article
GI
GU
Gyn
Obstetric
Teratogenic Potential
Pediatric
Musculoskeletal
Endocrine
Cohen H, Zohar J, Gidron Y, et al. Blunted HPA axis response to stress influences susceptibility to posttraumatic stress response in rats. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59(12):1208-18. Abstract
Kotler M, Cohen H, Aizenberg D, et al. Sexual dysfunction in male posttraumatic stress disorder patients. Psychother Psychosom. 2000;69(6):309-15. Abstract
Reznik I, Zemishlany Z, Kotler M, et al. Sildenafil citrate for the sexual dysfunction in antidepressant-treated male patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. A preliminary pilot open-label study. Psychother Psychosom. 2002;71(3):173-6. Abstract
Safarinejad MR, Kolahi AA, Ghaedi G. Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate in treating erectile dysfunction in patients with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study. BJU Int. 2009;104(3):376-83. Abstract
Neurologic
Autonomic Nervous System
Alvares GA, Quintana DS, Hickie IB, Guastella AJ. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the impact of psychotropic medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2016;41(2):89-104. Article
Psychiatric
Axis II
BPD
Depression
Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, et al. The association between lower birth weight and comorbid generalized anxiety and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013;146(2):231-7. Abstract
Psychosis
PTSD
Suicidality
Alonso P, Segalàs C, Real E, et al. Suicide in patients treated for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective follow-up study. J Affect Disord. 2010;124(3):300-8. Abstract
Belik SL, Cox BJ, Stein MB, et al. Traumatic events and suicidal behavior: results from a national mental health survey. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(4):342-9. Abstract
Bentley KH, Franklin JC, Ribeiro JD, et al. Anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;43:30-46. Article
Bolton JM, Cox BJ, Afifi TO, et al. Anxiety disorders and risk for suicide attempts: findings from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment area follow-up study. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(6):477-81. Abstract
Cougle JR, Resnick H, Kilpatrick DG. PTSD, depression, and their comorbidity in relation to suicidality: cross-sectional and prospective analyses of a national probability sample of women. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(12):1151-7. Abstract
Diaconu G, Turecki G. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and suicidal behavior: evidence for a positive association in a sample of depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(11):1551-6. Abstract
Goodwin RD, Roy-Byrne P. Panic and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(3):124-32. Abstract
Kamath P, Reddy YC, Kandavel T. Suicidal behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(11):1741-50. Abstract
Kanwar A, Malik S, Prokop LJ, et al. The association between anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(10):917-29. Abstract
Naragon-Gainey K, Watson D. The anxiety disorders and suicidal ideation: accounting for co-morbidity via underlying personality traits. Psychol Med. 2011;41(7):1437-47. Abstract
Norton PJ, Temple SR, Pettit JW. Suicidal ideation and anxiety disorders: elevated risk or artifact of comorbid depression? J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2008;39(4):515-25. Abstract
Sareen J, Houlahan T, Cox BJ, Asmundson GJ. Anxiety disorders associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005;193(7):450-4. Abstract
Sareen J, Cox BJ, Afifi TO, et al. Anxiety disorders and risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: a population-based longitudinal study of adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(11):1249-57. Abstract
Stringer B, van Meijel B, Eikelenboom M, et al. Recurrent suicide attempts in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders: the role of borderline personality traits. J Affect Disord. 2013;151(1):23-30. Article
Combined Body Systems
[sta_anchor id=”toc514076750″ /]2.3 Adverse Effects: General Function
Overall
Quality of Life
Ability
Home
School
Work
Appetite
Coordination
Endurance
Energy
Enjoyment
Falls
Hughes CC, Kneebone II, Jones F, Brady B. A theoretical and empirical review of psychological factors associated with falls-related psychological concerns in community-dwelling older people. Int Psychogeriatr. 2015;27(7):1071-87. Abstract
Hull SL, Kneebone II, Farquharson L. Anxiety, depression, and fall-related psychological concerns in community-dwelling older people. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013;21(12):1287-91. Abstract
Payette MC, Bélanger C, Léveillé V, Grenier S. Fall-related psychological concerns and anxiety among community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0152848. Article
Stubbs B, Eggermont LH, Patchay S, Schofield PA. Pain interference is associated with psychological concerns related to falls in community-dwelling older adults: multisite observational study. Phys Ther. 2014;94(10):1410-20. Abstract
Stubbs B, West E, Patchay S, Schofield P. Is there a relationship between pain and psychological concerns related to falling in community dwelling older adults? A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(23):1931-42. Abstract
Injury
Mood
Anger
Anxiety
Fear
Harm to Others
Perkins AM, Leonard AM, Weaver K, et al. A dose of ruthlessness: interpersonal moral judgment is hardened by the anti-anxiety drug lorazepam. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2013;142(3):612-20. Abstract
Sadness
Outlook
Sexual Function
Sleep
Cox RC, Olatunji BO. A systematic review of sleep disturbance in anxiety and related disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2016;37:104-29. Abstract
Social Life
Somnolence
Strength
Weight
[sta_anchor id=”toc514076751″ /]2.4 Adverse Effects: Executive Function
Acute
Acute Cognitive Effects
Acute Cognitive Effects: Memory
Acute Psychomotor Effects
Acute Psychomotor Effects: Driving
Chronic
Chronic Cognitive Effects
Benzina N, Mallet L, Burguière E, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016;18(9):80. Abstract
Harsányi A, Csigó K, Rajkai C, et al. Two types of impairments in OCD: obsessions, as problems of thought suppression; compulsions, as behavioral-executive impairment. Psychiatry Res. 2014;215(3):651-8. Abstract
Morrow SA, Rosehart H, Pantazopoulos K. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with worse performance on objective cognitive tests in MS. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2016;28(2):118-23. Abstract
Chronic Cognitive Effects: Memory
Chronic Psychomotor Effects
Chronic Psychomotor Effects: Driving
Decision Making
Gathmann B, Schulte FP, Maderwald S. Stress and decision making: neural correlates of the interaction between stress, executive functions, and decision making under risk. Exp Brain Res. 2014;232(3):957-73. Abstract
Pabst S, Brand M, Wolf OT. Stress and decision making: a few minutes make all the difference. Behav Brain Res. 2013;250:39-45. Abstract
Pabst S, Schoofs D, Pawlikowski M, et al. Paradoxical effects of stress and an executive task on decisions under risk. Behav Neurosci. 2013;127(3):369-79. Abstract
Starcke K, Brand M. Decision making under stress: a selective review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36(4):1228-48. Abstract
Starcke K, Polzer C, Wolf OT, Brand M. Does stress alter everyday moral decision-making? Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011;36(2):210-9. Abstract
Starcke K, Wolf OT, Markowitsch HJ, Brand M. Anticipatory stress influences decision making under explicit risk conditions. Behav Neurosci. 2008;122(6):1352-60. Abstract
Youssef FF, Dookeeram K, Basdeo V, et al. Stress alters personal moral decision making. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(4):491-8. Abstract
[sta_anchor id=”toc514076752″ /]2.5 Adverse Effects by Subpopulation
Armed Services / Veterans
Ashrafioun L, Pigeon WR, Conner KR, et al. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among veterans in primary care referred for a mental health evaluation. J Affect Disord. 2016;189:344-50. Abstract
Addiction
Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease
Care Facilities
Cognitive Dysfunction
Criminal Justice
Elderly
End of Life
Ethnicity
African-American
Asian
Caucasian
Hispanic
Native American
Pacific Island
Health Care Providers
Hepatic Disease
HIV / AIDS
LGBT
Men
Neurologic Disease
Morrow SA, Rosehart H, Pantazopoulos K. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with worse performance on objective cognitive tests in MS. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2016;28(2):118-23. Abstract
Pain
Pediatric
Psychiatric Disease
Pulmonary Disease
Renal Disease
Sleep Disorders
Sleep Apnea
Surgical
Swallowing Disorders
Women
Perinatal
Nursing
