Library 1 Reviews

Notes:
Not all anxiety disorders are included
PTSD, OCD included due to prominent anxiety features, though technically classified separately

See also:

Anxiety effects Adverse

Anxiety Neurophysiology

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepine use Anxiety

Cannabinoids and Mental Health

1.1 Reviews

Expert Opinion

Baldessarini RJ. The impact of psychopharmacology on contemporary psychiatry. Can J Psychiatry. 2014;59(8):401-5. Abstract

Stein MB. Public health perspectives on generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 13:3-7. Abstract

Guidelines

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2012 Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Accessed 3/1/17

American Psychiatric Association 2010 Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Third Edition Accessed 3/1/17

American Psychiatric Association 2007 Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Accessed 3/1/17

American Society of Clinical Oncology 2014 Screening, Assessment, and Care of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Cancer Accessed 3/1/17

Bandelow B, Sher L, Bunevicius R, et al. WFSBP Task Force on Mental Disorders in Primary Care; WFSBP Task Force on Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD. Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2012;16(2):77-84. Article

Beaulieu S, Saury S, Sareen J, et al. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid substance use disorders. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(1):38-55. Abstract

Bandelow B, Zohar J, Hollander E, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders – first revision. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2008;9(4):248-312. Article

McIntyre RS, Alsuwaidan M, Goldstein BI, et al. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid metabolic disorders. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(1):69-81. Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in adults: management in primary, secondary and community care. January 2011. Document Accessed 11/16/16

Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health 2007 Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder & Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Accessed 3/1/17

Ramasubbu R, Beaulieu S, Taylor VH, et al. The CANMAT task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid medical conditions: diagnostic, assessment, and treatment principles. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(1):82-90. Abstract

Ramasubbu R, Taylor VH, Samaan Z, et al. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and select comorbid medical conditions. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(1):91-109. Abstract

Schaffer A, McIntosh D, Goldstein BI, et al. The CANMAT task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid anxiety disorders. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(1):6-22. Abstract

Meta – Analyses

Piccinelli M, Pini S, Bellantuono C, Wilkinson G. Efficacy of drug treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A meta-analytic review. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;166(4):424-43. Abstract

Reviews (see below for reviews for use in specific domains)

Fitzgerald PJ, Seemann JR, Maren S. Can fear extinction be enhanced? A review of pharmacological and behavioral findings. Brain Res Bull. 2014;105:46-60. Article

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, et al. Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(5):317-25. Abstract

Locke AB, Kirst N, Shultz CG. Diagnosis and management of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(9):617-24. Article

Shear MK, Schulberg HC. Anxiety disorders in primary care. Bull Menninger Clin. 1995;59(2 Suppl A):A73-85. Abstract

1.2 Animal Studies

1.3 History

Baldessarini RJ. The impact of psychopharmacology on contemporary psychiatry. Can J Psychiatry. 2014;59(8):401-5. Abstract

1.4 Terminology

1.5 Perspectives

Ethics

Government

Media

Patient

Andrews G, Carter GL. What people say about their general practitioners’ treatment of anxiety and depression. Med J Aust. 2001;175 Suppl:S48-51. Abstract

Furnham A, Wilson E, Chapman A, Persuad R. Treatment hurts: Lay theories of graded exposure in the treatment of four anxiety disorders. Eur J Psychother Couns. 2013;15(3):253-273. Article

Prins MA, Verhaak PF, Bensing JM, van der Meer K. Health beliefs and perceived need for mental health care of anxiety and depression – the patients’ perspective explored. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008;28(6):1038-58. Abstract

Wagner AW, Bystritsky A, Russo JE, et al. Beliefs about psychotropic medication and psychotherapy among primary care patients with anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety. 2005;21(3):99-105. Abstract

Pharmaceutical Industry

Professional: Medical

Public

Altering Perspectives

1.6 Medical Provider Quality of Care

Stein MB, Sherbourne CD, Craske MG, et al. Quality of care for primary care patients with anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(12):2230-7. Abstract

Vázquez GH. The impact of psychopharmacology on contemporary clinical psychiatry. Can J Psychiatry. 2014;59(8):412-6. Article

Weisberg RB, Dyck I, Culpepper L, Keller MB. Psychiatric treatment in primary care patients with anxiety disorders: a comparison of care received from primary care providers and psychiatrists. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(2):276-82. Article

1.7 Epidemiology

Europe

Pélissolo A, André C, Chignon JM, et al. Anxiety disorders in private practice psychiatric out-patients: prevalence, comorbidity and burden (DELTA study). Encephale. 2002;28(6 Pt 1):510-9. Abstract

Fava GA, Porcelli P, Rafanelli C, et al. The spectrum of anxiety disorders in the medically ill. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(7):910-4. Abstract

Haller H, Cramer H, Lauche R, et al. The prevalence and burden of subthreshold generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14:128. Abstract

Lépine JP. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: prevalence and societal costs. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63 Suppl 14:4-8. Abstract

Martin P. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: a review. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003;5(3):281-8. Article

National Survey on Drug Use and Health: US Behavioral Health Trends. 2014. Accessed 2/22/17

Sherbourne CD, Jackson CA, Meredith LS, et al. Prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders in primary care outpatients. Arch Fam Med. 1996;5(1):27-34; discussion 35. Abstract

1.8 Socioeconomics

Acarturk C, Smit F, de Graaf R, et al. Economic costs of social phobia: a population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2009;115(3):421-9. Abstract

Batelaan N, Smit F, de Graaf R, et al. Economic costs of full-blown and subthreshold panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 2007;104(1-3):127-36. Abstract

Bereza BG, Machado M, Einarson TR. Systematic review and quality assessment of economic evaluations and quality-of-life studies related to generalized anxiety disorder. Clin Ther. 2009;31(6):1279-308. Abstract

Greenberg PE, Sisitsky T, Kessler RC, et al. The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(7):427-35. Abstract

Haller H, Cramer H, Lauche R, et al. The prevalence and burden of subthreshold generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14:128. Abstract

Hoffman DL, Dukes EM, Wittchen HU. Human and economic burden of generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(1):72-90. Abstract

Rosenberg HJ, Rosenberg SD, Wolford GL, et al. The relationship between trauma, PTSD, and medical utilization in three high risk medical populations. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2000;30(3):247-59. Abstract

Rovira J, Albarracin G, Salvador L, et al. The cost of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care settings: results of the ANCORA study. Community Ment Health J. 2012;48(3):372-83. Abstract

Smit F, Cuijpers P, Oostenbrink J, et al. Costs of nine common mental disorders: implications for curative and preventive psychiatry. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2006;9(4):193-200. Abstract

1.9 Pathophysiology

Michopoulos V, Powers A, Gillespie CF, et al. Inflammation in fear- and anxiety-based disorders: PTSD, GAD, and beyond. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(1):254-270. Abstract

1.10 Etiology

Blanco C, Rubio J, Wall M, et al. Risk factors for anxiety disorders: common and specific effects in a national sample. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31(9):756-64. Article

Carter AS, Pollock RA, Suvak MK, Pauls DL. Anxiety and major depression comorbidity in a family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2004;20(4):165-74. Abstract

Filho AS, Maciel BC, Martín-Santos R, et al. Does the association between mitral valve prolapse and panic disorder really exist? Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;10(1):38-47. Article

Gulpek D, Bayraktar E, Akbay SP, et al. Joint hypermobility syndrome and mitral valve prolapse in panic disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004;28(6):969-73. Abstract

Kendler KS, Walters EE, Neale MC, et al. The structure of the genetic and environmental risk factors for six major psychiatric disorders in women. Phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, major depression, and alcoholism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52(5):374-83. Abstract

Klein DN, Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, et al. Family study of co-morbidity between major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Psychol Med. 2003;33(4):703-14. Abstract

Martín-Santos R, Bulbena A, Porta M, et al. Association between joint hypermobility syndrome and panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(11):1578-83. Abstract

Mathew AR, Pettit JW, Lewinsohn PM, et al. Co-morbidity between major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders: shared etiology or direct causation? Psychol Med. 2011;41(10):2023-34. Article

Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle MA, et al. The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety and affective disorders: results from the Johns Hopkins OCD Family Study. Psychol Med. 2001;31(3):481-7. Abstract

Resiliency / Protective Factors

Initiating Factors

Disease Maintenance Factors

Genetics

Domschke K, Maron E. Genetic factors in anxiety disorders. Mod Trends Pharmacopsychiatri. 2013;29:24-46. Abstract

Domschke K, Deckert J. Genetics of anxiety disorders – status quo and quo vadis. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(35):5691-8. Abstract

Shimada-Sugimoto M, Otowa T, Hettema JM. Genetics of anxiety disorders: genetic epidemiological and molecular studies in humans. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015;69(7):388-401. Abstract

Initiating Factors

Smoller JW. The genetics of stress-related disorders: PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;41(1):297-319. Article

Disease Maintenance Factors

Environment

Initiating Factors

Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R. The association between birth weight and anxiety disorders in young adults. J Anxiety Disord. 2011;25(8):1060-7. Abstract

Bruce LC, Heimberg RG, Blanco C, et al. Childhood maltreatment and social anxiety disorder: implications for symptom severity and response to pharmacotherapy. Depress Anxiety. 2012;29(2):131-8. Article

Spence SH, Najman JM, Bor W, et al. Maternal anxiety and depression, poverty and marital relationship factors during early childhood as predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2002;43(4):457-69. Abstract

Disease Maintenance Factors

Roy-Byrne P. Treatment-refractory anxiety; definition, risk factors, and treatment challenges. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(2):191-206. Article

Genetic v Environmental Factors

1.11 Prevention

Effective

Ineffective

Not Proven

Worse Outcomes

1.12 Symptoms / Signs

nervousness, restlessness, or being tense
feelings of danger, panic, or dread
rapid heart rate
rapid breathing, or hyperventilation
increased or heavy sweating
trembling or muscle twitching
weakness and lethargy
difficulty focusing / thinking clearly about anything other than the thing you’re worried about
insomnia
digestive or gastrointestinal problems, such as gas, constipation, or diarrhea
a strong desire to avoid the things that trigger your anxiety
obsessions about certain ideas, a sign of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
performing certain behaviors over and over again
anxiety surrounding a particular life event or experience that has occurred in the past, especially indicative of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Sleep Disorders

Cox RC, Olatunji BO. A systematic review of sleep disturbance in anxiety and related disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2016;37:104-29. Abstract

1.13 Screening

Balon R. Rating scales for anxiety / anxiety disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2007;9(4):271-7. Abstract

Elwood LS, Wolitzky-Taylor K, Olatunji BO. Measurement of anxious traits: a contemporary review and synthesis. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2012;25(6):647-66. Abstract

Keedwell P, Snaith RP. What do anxiety scales measure? Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996;93(3):177-80. Abstract

Kellner R, Uhlenhuth EH. The rating and self-rating of anxiety. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1991;(12):15-22. Abstract

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B. The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32(4):345-59. Abstract

Terluin B, Brouwers EP, van Marwijk HW, et al. Detecting depressive and anxiety disorders in distressed patients in primary care; comparative diagnostic accuracy of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). BMC Fam Pract. 2009;10:58. Article

4DSQ

Terluin B, Smits N, Brouwers EP, de Vet HC. The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in the general population: scale structure, reliability, measurement invariance and normative data: a cross-sectional survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14(1):130. Article

Terluin B, Smits N, Miedema B. The English version of the four-dimensional symptom questionnaire (4DSQ) measures the same as the original Dutch questionnaire: a validation study. Eur J Gen Pract. 2014;20(4):320-6. Abatract

Terluin B, van Marwijk HW, Adèr HJ, et al. The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ): a validation study of a multidimensional self-report questionnaire to assess distress, depression, anxiety and somatization. BMC Psychiatry. 2006;6:34. Article

Beck Anxiety inventory

Beck AT, Steer RA . Relationship between the Beck Anxiety inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale with anxious outpatients. J Anx Disord. 1991;5:213-23. Abstract

Carney CE, Moss TG, Harris AL, et al. Should we be anxious when assessing anxiety using the Beck Anxiety Inventory in clinical insomnia patients? J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(9):1243-9. Article

Julian LJ. Measures of anxiety: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63 Suppl 11:S467-72. Article

Kabacoff RI, Segal DL, Hersen M, Van Hasselt VB. Psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with older adult psychiatric outpatients. J Anxiety Disord. 1997;11(1):33-47. Abstract

Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS)

Svanborg P, Asberg M. A new self-rating scale for depression and anxiety states based on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;89(1):21-8. Abstract

Depression Anxiety Stress Scale

Allen J, Annells M. A literature review of the application of the Geriatric Depression Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist to community nursing cohorts. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(7):949-59. Abstract

GAD-2 / GAD-7

Celano CM, Suarez L, Mastromauro C, et al. Feasibility and utility of screening for depression and anxiety disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6(4):498-504. Article

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, et al. Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(5):317-25. Abstract

Löwe B, Decker O, Müller S, et al. Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Med Care. 2008;46(3):266-74. Abstract

Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092-7. Abstract

Hamilton Scale for Anxiety HAM-A / HARS

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Link Accessed 3/16/17

Beck AT, Steer RA . Relationship between the Beck Anxiety inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale with anxious outpatients. J Anx Disord. 1991;5:213-23. Abstract

Bruss GS, Gruenberg AM, Goldstein RD, Barber JP. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale Interview Guides: joint interview and test-retest methods for inter-rater reliability. Psychiatry Res. 1994;53:191-202. Abstract

Donzuso G, Cerasa A, Gioia MC, et al. The neuroanatomical correlates of anxiety in a healthy population: differences between the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Brain Behav. 2014;4:504–514. Article

Hamilton M . A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;23:56–62. Article

Maier W, Buller R, Philipp M, Heuser I. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale: reliability, validity and sensitivity to change in anxiety and depressive disorders. J Affect Disord . 1988;14:61-8. Abstract

Health Anxiety Inventory

Salkovskis PM, Rimes KA, Warwick HM, Clark DM. The Health Anxiety Inventory: development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychol Med. 2002;32(5):843-53. Abstract

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A)

Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D. The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. an updated literature review. J Psychosom Res. 2002;52(2):69-77. Abstract

Patient Health Questionnaire – 4 (PHQ-4)

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics. 2009;50(6):613-21. Abstract

Löwe B, Wahl I, Rose M, et al. A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population. J Affect Disord. 2010;122(1-2):86-95. Abstract

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Grös DF, Antony MM, Simms LJ, McCabe RE. Psychometric properties of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA): comparison to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Psychol Assess. 2007;19(4):369-81. Abstract

State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA)

Roberts KE, Hart TA, Eastwood JD. Factor structure and validity of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(2):134-46. Abstract

1.14 Diagnosis

DeSousa DA, Moreno AL, Osório FL, et al. Psychometric properties of the dimensional anxiety scales for DSM-5 in a Brazilian community sample. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2016 Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract

Möller EL, Majdandžić M, Craske MG, Bögels SM. Dimensional assessment of anxiety disorders in parents and children for DSM-5. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2014;23(3):331-44. Abstract

Differential Diagnosis

Cameron OG. The differential diagnosis of anxiety. Psychiatric and medical disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1985;8(1):3-23. Abstract

Herr NR, Williams JW, Benjamin S, McDuffie J. Does this patient have generalized anxiety or panic disorder?: The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312(1):78-84. Abstract

Acute Stress Disorder

Armour C, Hansen M. Assessing DSM-5 latent subtypes of acute stress disorder dissociative or intrusive? Psychiatry Res. 2015;225(3):476-83. Abstract

Bryant RA, Friedman MJ, Spiegel D, et al. A review of acute stress disorder in DSM-5. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(9):802-17. Abstract

Cardeña E, Carlson E. Acute stress disorder revisited. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2011;7:245-67. Abstract

Hansen M, Armour C, Wang L, et al. Assessing possible DSM-5 ASD subtypes in a sample of victims meeting caseness for DSM-5 ASD based on self-report following multiple forms of traumatic exposure. J Anxiety Disord. 2015;31:84-9. Abstract

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Rickels K, Rynn M. Overview and clinical presentation of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2001;24(1):1-17. Abstract

Obsessive Anxiety Disorder (OCD)

Panic

Abbar M. Panic disorder and panic attack. Encephale. 1996;22 Spec No 5:13-8. Abstract

Amami O, Aloulou J, Siala M, Aribi L. Rethink the panic disorder. Encephale. 2010;36(2):100-4. Abstract

Argyle N, Roth M. The phenomenological study of 90 patients with panic disorder, Part II. Psychiatr Dev. 1989;7(3):187-209. Abstract

Breier A, Charney DS, Heninger GR. Agoraphobia with panic attacks. Development, diagnostic stability, and course of illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986;43(11):1029-36. Abstract

Brown LA, LeBeau R, Liao B, et al. A comparison of the nature and correlates of panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2016;235:69-76. Abstract

Merikangas KR, Angst J. Comorbidity and social phobia: evidence from clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;244(6):297-303. Abstract

Noyes R, Crowe RR, Harris EL, et al. Relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia. A family study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986;43(3):227-32. Abstract

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Carmi L, Fostick L, Burshtein S, et al. PTSD treatment in light of DSM-5 and the “golden hours” concept. CNS Spectr. 2016;21(4):279-82. Abstract

Friedman MJ, Resick PA, Bryant RA, et al. Classification of trauma and stressor-related disorders in DSM-5. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(9):737-49. Abstract

Resick PA, Miller MW. Posttraumatic stress disorder: anxiety or traumatic stress disorder? J Trauma Stress. 2009;22(5):384-90. Abstract

Spoont MR, Williams JW, Kehle-Forbes S, et al. Does this patient have Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2015;314(5):501-10. Abstract

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

1.15 Assessment

Trauma-Informed Evaluation

Todahl J, Walters E. Universal screening for intimate partner violence: a systematic review. J Marital Fam Ther. 2011;37(3):355-69. Abstract

1.16 Treatment

Bandelow B. The medical treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety. CNS Spectr. 2008;13(9 Suppl 14):37-46. Abstract

Heuzenroeder L, Donnelly M, Haby MM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological interventions for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004;38(8):602-12. Abstract

Sandell R, Böhm T. Shall narrow-minded scientific view direct the choice of treatment of depression and anxiety? Lakartidningen. 2006;103(8):562-3; discussion 563-4. Link

Westenberg HG. Recent advances in understanding and treating social anxiety disorder. CNS Spectr. 2009;14(2 Suppl 3):24-33. Abstract

Treatment Epidemiology

Bushnell J, McLeod D, Dowell A, et al. The treatment of common mental health problems in general practice. Fam Pract. 2006;23(1):53-9. Article

Ernst CL, Bird SA, Goldberg JF, Ghaemi SN. The prescription of psychotropic medications for patients discharged from a psychiatric emergency service. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(5):720-6. Abstract

Mojtabai R, Olfson M. National trends in psychotropic medication polypharmacy in office-based psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(1):26-36. Abstract

Pincus HA, Tanielian TL, Marcus SC, et al. Prescribing trends in psychotropic medications: primary care, psychiatry, and other medical specialties. JAMA. 1998;279(7):526-31. Abstract

van Rijswijk E, Borghuis M, van de Lisdonk E, et al. Treatment of mental health problems in general practice: a survey of psychotropics prescribed and other treatments provided. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;45(1):23-9. Abstract

Under – Treatment

Over – Treatment

Treatment Barriers

Andrade LH, Alonso J, Mneimneh Z, et al. Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Psychol Med. 2014;44(6):1303-17. Article

Britt TW, Jennings KS, Cheung JH, et al. The role of different stigma perceptions in treatment seeking and dropout among active duty military personnel. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2015;38(2):142-9. Abstract

Collins KA, Westra HA, Dozois DJ, Burns DD. Gaps in accessing treatment for anxiety and depression: challenges for the delivery of care. Clin Psychol Rev. 2004;24(5):583-616. Abstract

Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H. Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:113. Article

Jennings KS, Cheung JH, Britt TW, et al. How are perceived stigma, self-stigma, and self-reliance related to treatment-seeking? A three-path model. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2015;38(2):109-16. Abstract

Mojtabai R, Olfson M, Sampson NA, et al. Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychol Med. 2011;41(8):1751-61. Abstract

Mojtabai R, Olfson M, Mechanic D. Perceived need and help-seeking in adults with mood, anxiety, or substance use disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(1):77-84. Abstract

Principles of Treatment

Integrated Treatment

Archer J, Bower P, Gilbody S, et al. Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10:CD006525. Abstract

Craven MA, Bland R. Better practices in collaborative mental health care: an analysis of the evidence base. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51(6 Suppl 1):7S-72S. Abstract

Menninger WW. Challenges to providing integrated treatment of anxiety disorders. Bull Menninger Clin. 1995;59(2 Suppl A):A86-93; quiz A94-7. Abstract

Rosenbaum JF, Pollock RA, Otto MW, Pollack MH. Integrated treatment of panic disorder. Bull Menninger Clin. 1995;59(2 Suppl A):A4-26. Abstract

PTSD: Golden Hours

Carmi L, Fostick L, Burshtein S, et al. PTSD treatment in light of DSM-5 and the “golden hours” concept. CNS Spectr. 2016;21(4):279-82. Abstract

1.17 Treatment: Modalities

Alternative / Complementary

Meeks TW, Wetherell JL, Irwin MR, et al. Complementary and alternative treatments for late-life depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance: a review of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(10):1461-71. Abstract

Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, et al. Homeopathy for anxiety and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of the research. Homeopathy. 2006;95(3):151-62. Abstract

Ravindran AV, da Silva TL. Complementary and alternative therapies as add-on to pharmacotherapy for mood and anxiety disorders: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2013;150(3):707-19. Abstract

Qureshi NA, Al-Bedah AM. Mood disorders and complementary and alternative medicine: a literature review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:639-58. Article

Brief Intervention

Diet / Nutrition / Weight Management

Faith-Based

Boscaglia N, Clarke DM, Jobling TW, Quinn MA. The contribution of spirituality and spiritual coping to anxiety and depression in women with a recent diagnosis of gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2005;15(5):755-61. Abstract

Gonçalves JP, Lucchetti G, Menezes PR, Vallada H. Religious and spiritual interventions in mental health care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Psychol Med. 2015;45(14):2937-49. Article

Paukert AL, Phillips L, Cully JA, et al. Integration of religion into cognitive-behavioral therapy for geriatric anxiety and depression. J Psychiatr Pract. 2009;15(2):103-12. Abstract

Phillips LL, Paukert AL, Stanley MA, Kunik ME. Incorporating religion and spirituality to improve care for anxiety and depression in older adults. Geriatrics. 2009;64(8):15-8. Abstract

Stanley MA, Bush AL, Camp ME, et al. Older adults’ preferences for religion / spirituality in treatment for anxiety and depression. Aging Ment Health. 2011;15(3):334-43. Abstract

Mind-Body Therapies

Marc I, Toureche N, Ernst E, et al. Mind-body interventions during pregnancy for preventing or treating women’s anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD007559. Abstract

Biofeedback

Biondi M, Valentini M. Relaxation treatments and biofeedback for anxiety and somatic stress-related disorders. Riv Psychiatr. 2014;49(5):217-26. Abstract

Blase KL, van Dijke A, Cluitmans PJ, Vermetten E. Efficacy of HRV-biofeedback as additional treatment of depression and PTSD. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2016;58(4):292-300. Abstract

Jerath R, Crawford MW, Barnes VA, Harden K. Self-regulation of breathing as a primary treatment for anxiety. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2015;40(2):107-15. Abstract

Schoenberg PL, David AS. Biofeedback for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2014;39(2):109-35. Abstract

Hypnosis

Gordon D, Heimberg RG, Tellez M, Ismail AI. A critical review of approaches to the treatment of dental anxiety in adults. J Anxiety Disord. 2013;27(4):365-78. Abstract

Kaiser P. Childhood anxiety and psychophysiological reactivity: hypnosis to build discrimination and self-regulation skills. Am J Clin Hypn. 2014;56(4):343-67. Abstract

Pelissolo A. Hypnosis for anxiety and phobic disorders: A review of clinical studies. Presse Med. 2016;45(3):284-90. Abstract

Spiegel SB. Current issues in the treatment of specific phobia: recommendations for innovative applications of hypnosis. Am J Clin Hypn. 2014;56(4):389-404. Abstract

Imagery

Rossman ML. Why should guided imagery be used for surgical patients? Adv Mind Body Med. 2007;22(1):6. Link

Rossman ML. Interactive Guided Imagery as a way to access patient strengths during cancer treatment. Integr Cancer Ther. 2002;1(2):162-5. Abstract

Rossman ML. Mind-body misunderstandings. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(8):1204; author reply 1205. Link

Journaling

Nyssen OP, Taylor SJ, Wong G, et al. Does therapeutic writing help people with long-term conditions? Systematic review, realist synthesis and economic considerations. Health Technol Assess. 2016;20(27):vii-xxxvii, 1-367. Article

Meditative Movement

Hempel S, Taylor SL, Solloway MR, et al. Evidence Map of Tai Chi [Internet]. VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program Reports. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2014. Document

Jahnke R, Larkey L, Rogers C, et al. A comprehensive review of health benefits of qigong and tai chi. Am J Health Promot. 2010;24(6):e1-e25. Article

Rogers CE, Larkey LK, Keller C. A review of clinical trials of tai chi and qigong in older adults. West J Nurs Res. 2009;31(2):245-79. Article

Wang F, Lee EK, Wu T, et al. The effects of tai chi on depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Med. 2014;21(4):605-17. Abstract

Meditation

Krisanaprakornkit T, Krisanaprakornkit W, Piyavhatkul N, Laopaiboon M. Meditation therapy for anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(1):CD004998. Abstract

Mindfulness Meditation

Ando M, Morita T, Akechi T, et al. The efficacy of mindfulness-based meditation therapy on anxiety, depression, and spirituality in Japanese patients with cancer. J Palliat Med. 2009;12(12):1091-4. Abstract

Carlson LE, Speca M, Patel KD, Goodey E. Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29(4):448-74. Abstract

Carmody J, Baer RA. Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. J Behav Med. 2008;31(1):23-33. Abstract

Fjorback LO. Mindfulness and bodily distress. Dan Med J. 2012;59(11):B4547. Document

Franca RD, Milbourn B. A meta-analysis of Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) show that MBIs are effective in reducing acute symptoms of depression but not anxiety. Aust Occup Ther J. 2015;62(2):147-8. Link

Goldin PR, Gross JJ. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion. 2010;10(1):83-91. Article

Goldin P, Ramel W, Gross J. Mindfulness meditation training and self-referential processing in social anxiety disorder: behavioral and neural effects. J Cogn Psychother. 2009;23(3):242-57. Article

Hansen E, Lundh LG, Homman A, Wångby-Lundh M. Measuring mindfulness: pilot studies with the Swedish versions of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Cogn Behav Ther. 2009;38(1):2-15. Abstract

Hempel S, Taylor SL, Marshall NJ, et al. Evidence Map of Mindfulness [Internet]. VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program Reports. Document

Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, Oh D. The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010;78(2):169-83. Article

Kocovski NL, Fleming JE, Hawley LL, et al. Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: Mechanisms of change. Behav Res Ther. 2015;70:11-22. Abstract

Lang AJ. What mindfulness brings to psychotherapy for anxiety and depression. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(5):409-12. Link

Marchand WR. Mindfulness meditation practices as adjunctive treatments for psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2013;36(1):141-52. Abstract

Piet J, Würtzen H, Zachariae R. The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on symptoms of anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(6):1007-20. Abstract

Strauss C, Cavanagh K, Oliver A, Pettman D. Mindfulness-based interventions for people diagnosed with a current episode of an anxiety or depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e96110. Article

Vujanovic AA, Bonn-Miller MO, Bernstein A, et al. Incremental validity of mindfulness skills in relation to emotional dysregulation among a young adult community sample. Cogn Behav Ther. 2010;39(3):203-13. Article

Music

Labbé E, Schmidt N, Babin J, Pharr M. Coping with stress: the effectiveness of different types of music. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2007;32(3-4):163-8. Abstract

Mantovan F, Rauter E, Müller I. Massage and music therapy for relief of anxiety of cancer patients in palliative care. Pflege Z. 2009;62(3):164-9. Abstract

Salamon E, Kim M, Beaulieu J, Stefano GB. Sound therapy induced relaxation: down regulating stress processes and pathologies. Med Sci Monit. 2003;9(5):RA96-RA101. Abstract

Relaxation

Biondi M, Valentini M. Relaxation treatments and biofeedback for anxiety and somatic stress-related disorders. Riv Psichiatr. 2014;49(5):217-26. Abstract

Mutual Help Programs

Psychotherapeutic Modalities

Aderka IM, Nickerson A, Bøe HJ, Hofmann SG. Sudden gains during psychological treatments of anxiety and depression: a meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(1):93-101. Abstract

Brooks SJ, Stein DJ. A systematic review of the neural bases of psychotherapy for anxiety and related disorders. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):261-79. Article

Markowitz JC, Lipsitz J, Milrod BL. Critical review of outcome research on interpersonal psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31(4):316-25. Abstract

Michels R. Psychotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58 Suppl 13:30-2. Abstract

Ngô TL. Acceptance and mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapies. Sante Ment Que. 2013;38(2):35-63. Abstract

Primiano S, Marchand A, Gosselin P, et al. The effect of a combined versus a conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life for comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder: preliminary results. Behav Modif. 2014;38(1):3-24. Abstract

Thorp SR, Ayers CR, Nuevo R, et al. Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;17(2):105-15. Article

Wu H, Yu D, He Y, et al. Morita therapy for anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD008619. Abstract

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Azadeh SM, Kazemi-Zahrani H, Besharat MA. Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on interpersonal problems and psychological flexibility in female high school students with social anxiety disorder. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;8(3):131-8. Article

Batink T, Jansen G, Peeters FP. New generation behavior therapy; new generation assessment measures; a review of currently available assessment measures. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2015;57(10):739-48. Abstract

Bluett EJ, Homan KJ, Morrison KL, et al. Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and OCD spectrum disorders: an empirical review. J Anxiety Disord. 2014;28(6):612-24. Abstract

Davies CD, Niles AN, Pittig A, et al. Physiological and behavioral indices of emotion dysregulation as predictors of outcome from cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2015;46:35-43. Abstract

Ducasse D, Fond G. Acceptance and commitment therapy. Encephale. 2015;41(1):1-9. Abstract

Eilenberg T. Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy (ACT-G) for health anxiety. Dan Med J. 2016;63(10). pii: B5294. Document

Eilenberg T, Fink P, Jensen JS, et al. Acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT-G) for health anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2016;46(1):103-15. Abstract

Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Fox JP, et al. The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2013;51(3):142-51. Abstract

Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2012;42(3):485-95. Abstract

Levin ME, Luoma JB, Lillis J, et al. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – Stigma (AAQ-S): Developing a measure of psychological flexibility with stigmatizing thoughts. J Contextual Behav Sci. 2014;3(1):21-26. Abstract

McCracken LM, Gutiérrez-Martínez O. Processes of change in psychological flexibility in an interdisciplinary group-based treatment for chronic pain based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2011;49(4):267-74. Abstract

McHugh L. A new approach in psychotherapy: ACT (acceptance and commitment therapy). World J Biol Psychiatry. 2011;12 Suppl 1:76-9. Abstract

Montgomery KL, Kim JS, Franklin C. Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychological and physiological illnesses: a systematic review for social workers. Health Soc Work. 2011;36(3):169-81. Abstract

Schoendorff B, Purcell-Lalonde M, O’Connor K. Third wave therapies in the treatment of obsessional compulsive disorder : applying acceptance and commitment therapy. Sante Ment Que. 2013;38(2):153-73. Abstract

Swain J, Hancock K, Hainsworth C, Bowman J. Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of anxiety: a systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(8):965-78. Abstract

Wolgast M. What does the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) really measure? Behav Ther. 2014;45(6):831-9. Abstract

Yu L, Norton S, McCracken LM. Change in “self-as-context” (“perspective-taking”) occurs in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for people with chronic pain and Is associated with improved functioning. J Pain. 2017;18(6):664-72.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Arch JJ, Craske MG. First-line treatment: a critical appraisal of cognitive behavioral therapy developments and alternatives. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2009;32(3):525-47. Abstract

Bouchard S, Gauthier J, Nouwen A, et al. Temporal relationship between dysfunctional beliefs, self-efficacy and panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2007;38(3):275-92. Abstract

Chambless DL, Gillis MM. Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(2):248-60. Abstract

Craske MG, Farchione TJ, Allen LB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder and comorbidity: more of the same or less of more? Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(6):1095-109. Abstract

Durham RC, Higgins C, Chambers JA, et al. Long-term outcome of eight clinical trials of CBT for anxiety disorders: symptom profile of sustained recovery and treatment-resistant groups. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):875-81. Abstract

Durham RC, Chambers JA, Power KG, et al. Long-term outcome of cognitive behavior therapy clinical trials in central Scotland. Health Technol Assess. 2005;9(42):1-174. Abstract

Durham RC, Chambers JA, MacDonald RR, et al. Does cognitive-behavioral therapy influence the long-term outcome of generalized anxiety disorder? An 8-14 year follow-up of two clinical trials. Psychol Med. 2003;33(3):499-509. Abstract

Erickson DH, Janeck AS, Tallman K. A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatr Serv. 2007;58(9):1205-11. Abstract

Hoffart A, Sexton H, Hedley LM, Martinsen EW. Mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2008;39(3):262-75. Abstract

Hofmann SG, Wu JQ, Boettcher H. Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders on quality of life: a meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014;82(3):375-91. Article

Hofmann SG, Smits JA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(4):621-32. Article

Inoue K. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for treatment of social anxiety disorder. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2006;108(7):760-5. Abstract

Kaczkurkin AN, Foa EB. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: an update on the empirical evidence. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):337-46. Article

Labrecque J, Marchand A, Dugas MJ, Letarte A. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Modif. 2007;31(5):616-37. Abstract

Levy RL, van Tilburg MA, Langer SL, et al. Effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy intervention trial to improve disease outcomes in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(9):2134-48. Abstract

Levy RL, Langer SL, van Tilburg MA, et al. Brief telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy targeted to parents of children with functional abdominal pain: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2016 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract

Mayo-Wilson E, Montgomery P. Media-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy and behavioral therapy (self-help) for anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(9):CD005330. Abstract

Noda Y, Nakano Y, Lee K, et al. Sensitization of catastrophic cognition in cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2007;7:70. Article

Norton PJ, Price EC. A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(6):521-31. Abstract

Olatunji BO, Cisler JM, Deacon BJ. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: a review of meta-analytic findings. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2010;33(3):557-77. Abstract

Olthuis JV, Watt MC, Bailey K, et al. Therapist-supported internet cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD011565. Abstract

Pomini V. Do cognitive-behavioral group therapies in the treatment of anxiety disorders have an advantage over individual treatments? Sante Ment Que. 2004;29(1):115-26. Abstract

Pull CB, Damsa C. Pharmacotherapy of panic disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008;4(4):779-95. Article

Roth DA, Heimberg RG. Cognitive-behavioral models of social anxiety disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2001;24(4):753-71. Abstract

Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, et al. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40. Abstract

Spielmans GI, Pasek LF, McFall JP. What are the active ingredients in cognitive and behavioral psychotherapy for anxious and depressed children? A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007;27(5):642-54. Abstract

Stewart RE, Chambless DL. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders in clinical practice: a meta-analysis of effectiveness studies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77(4):595-606. Abstract

van Ingen DJ, Novicki DJ. An effectiveness study of group therapy for anxiety disorders. Int J Group Psychother. 2009;59(2):243-51. Abstract

Exposure / Extinction Therapy

Balooch SB, Neumann DL, Boschen MJ. Extinction treatment in multiple contexts attenuates ABC renewal in humans. Behav Res Ther. 2012;50(10):604-9. Abstract

Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC, et al. Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach. Behav Res Ther. 2014;58:10-23. Article

Hermans D, Craske MG, Mineka S, Lovibond PF. Extinction in human fear conditioning. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60(4):361-8. Abstract

Stockhorst U, Antov MI. Modulation of fear extinction by stress, stress hormones and estradiol: a review. Front Behav Neurosci. 2016;9:359. Article

Vervliet B, Craske MG, Hermans D. Fear extinction and relapse: state of the art. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:215-48. Abstract

Vervliet B, Baeyens F, Van den Bergh O, Hermans D. Extinction, generalization, and return of fear: a critical review of renewal research in humans. Biol Psychol. 2013;92(1):51-8. Abstract

Physical Modalities

Acupuncture

Pilkington K. Anxiety, depression and acupuncture: a review of the clinical research. Auton Neurosci. 2010;157(1-2):91-5. Abstract

Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, et al. Acupuncture for anxiety and anxiety disorders – a systematic literature review. Acupunct Med. 2007;25(1-2):1-10. Abstract

Exercise

Goodwin RD. Association between physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. Preventive Medicine. 2003;36:698–703. Abstract

Hale BS, Koch KR, Raglin JS. State anxiety responses to 60 minutes of cross training. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(2):105-7. Article

Hale BS, Raglin JS. State anxiety responses to acute resistance training and step aerobic exercise across eight weeks of training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002;42(1):108-12. Abstract

Koltyn KF, Raglin JS, O’Connor PJ, Morgan WP. Influence of weight training on state anxiety, body awareness and blood pressure. Int J Sports Med. 1995;16(4):266-9. Abstract

Nabetani T, Tokunaga M. The effect of short-term (10- and 15-min) running at self-selected intensity on mood alteration. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci. 2001;20(4):231-9. Abstract

O’Connor PJ, Cook DB. Anxiolytic and blood pressure effects of acute static compared to dynamic exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1998;19(3):188-92. Abstract

O’Connor PJ, Davis JC. Psychobiologic responses to exercise at different times of day. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24(6):714-9. Abstract

O’Connor PJ, Carda RD, Graf BK. Anxiety and intense running exercise in the presence and absence of interpersonal competition. Int J Sports Med. 1991;12(4):423-6. Abstract

Raglin JS, Wilson M. State anxiety following 20 minutes of bicycle ergometer exercise at selected intensities. Int J Sports Med. 1996;17(6):467-71. Abstract

Raglin JS, Turner PE, Eksten F. State anxiety and blood pressure following 30 min of leg ergometry or weight training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(9):1044-8. Abstract

Stonerock GL, Hoffman BM, Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA. Exercise as treatment for anxiety: systematic review and analysis. Ann Behav Med. 2015;49(4):542-56. Article

Strickland JC, Smith MA. The anxiolytic effects of resistance exercise. Front Psychol. 2014;5:753. Article

Trine MR, Morgan WP. Influence of time of day on the anxiolytic effects of exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1997;18(3):161-8. Abstract

Manipulation

Williams NH, Hendry M, Lewis R, et al. Psychological response in spinal manipulation (PRISM): a systematic review of psychological outcomes in randomised controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2007;15(4):271-83. Abstract

Massage

Chen WL, Liu GJ, Yeh SH, et al. Effect of back massage intervention on anxiety, comfort, and physiologic responses in patients with congestive heart failure. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19(5):464-70. Article

Eguchi E, Funakubo N, Tomooka K, et al. The effects of aroma foot massage on blood pressure and anxiety in Japanese community-dwelling men and women: a crossover randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0151712. Article

Field T. Massage therapy research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014;20(4):224-9. Abstract

Harris M, Richards KC, The physiological and psychological effects of slow-stroke back massage and hand massage on relaxation in older people. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(7-8):917-26. Abstract

Mantovan F, Rauter E, Müller I. Massage and music therapy for relief of anxiety of cancer patients in palliative care. Pflege Z. 2009;62(3):164-9. Abstract

Moyle W, Murfield JE, O’Dwyer S, Van Wyk S. The effect of massage on agitated behaviors in older people with dementia: a literature review. J Clin Nurs. 2013;22(5-6):601-10. Abstract

Pinar R, Afsar F. Back massage to decrease state anxiety, cortisol level, blood pressure, heart rate and increase sleep quality in family caregivers of patients with cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(18):8127-33. Abstract

Vickers A, Zollman C. ABC of complementary medicine. Massage therapies. BMJ. 1999;319(7219):1254-7. Article

Therapeutic Touch

Robinson et al. Therapeutic touch for anxiety disorders. Coch Database Syst Rev. 2007;(3):CD006240. Abstract

1.18 Treatment: Modality Combinations

CBT + Mindfulness

Fjorback LO, Arendt M, Ornbøl E, et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011;124(2):102-19. Abstract

Marchand WR. Mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and Zen meditation for depression, anxiety, pain, and psychological distress. J Psychiatr Pract. 2012;18(4):233-52. Abstract

1.19 Treatment: Modality v Modality Comparisons

ACT v CBT

Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, et al. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-65. Abstract

Kocovski NL, Fleming JE, Hawley LL, et al. Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2013;51(12):889-98. Abstract

Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Arch JJ, Rosenfield D, Craske MG. Moderators and non-specific predictors of treatment outcome for anxiety disorders: a comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy to acceptance and commitment therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):786-99. Abstract

CBT v Exposure Therapy

Bouchard S, Gauthier J, Laberge B, et al. Exposure versus cognitive restructuring in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behav Res Ther. 1996;34(3):213-24. Abstract

Ougrin D. Efficacy of exposure versus cognitive therapy in anxiety disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2011;11:200. Article

Ost LG, Westling BE, Hellström K. Applied relaxation, exposure in vivo and cognitive methods in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behav Res Ther. 1993;31(4):383-94. Abstract

CBT v Other Therapies

Baardseth TP, Goldberg SB, Pace BT, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus other therapies: redux. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(3):395-405. Abstract

Tolin DF. Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(6):710-20. Abstract

Wampold BE, Minami T, Baskin TW, Callen Tierney S. A meta-(re)analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy versus ‘other therapies’ for depression. J Affect Disord. 2002;68(2-3):159-65. Abstract

CBT v MBSR

Goldin PR, Morrison A, Jazaieri H, et al. Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2016;84(5):427-37. Abstract

Thurston MD, Goldin P, Heimberg R, Gross JJ. Self-views in social anxiety disorder: The impact of CBT versus MBSR. J Anxiety Disord. 2017 Jan 10. pii: S0887-6185(17)30007-5. Abstract

MBSR v Exercise

Goldin P, Ziv M, Jazaieri H, Gross JJ. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction versus aerobic exercise: effects on the self-referential brain network in social anxiety disorder. Front Hum Neurosci. 2012;6:295. Article

1.20 Treatment: Pharmacologic

Ammar G, Naja WJ, Pelissolo A. Treatment-resistant anxiety disorders: a literature review of drug therapy strategies. Encephale. 2015;41(3):260-5. Abstract

Amos T, Stein DJ, Ipser JC. Pharmacological interventions for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(7):CD006239. Abstract

Aouizerate B, Martin-Guehl C, Tignol J. Neurobiology and pharmacotherapy of social phobia. Encephale. 2004;30(4):301-13. Abstract

Baldwin D, Woods R, Lawson R, Taylor D. Efficacy of drug treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011;342:d1199. Article

Bereza BG, Machado M, Ravindran AV, Einarson TR. Evidence-based review of clinical outcomes of guideline-recommended pharmacotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2012;57(8):470-8. Abstract

Boulenger JP, Capdevielle D. Pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorders: rationale and limitations. Encephale. 2007;33(1):84-94. Abstract

Farb DH, Ratner MH. Targeting the modulation of neural circuitry for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Pharmacol Rev. 2014;66(4):1002-32. Article

Griebel G, Holmes A. 50 years of hurdles and hope in anxiolytic drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013;12(9):667-87. Article

Hicks JK, Bishop JR, Sangkuhl K, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genotypes and Dosing of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;98(2):127-34. Article

Ipser JC, Carey P, Dhansay Y, et al. Pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD005473. Abstract

Maron E, Nutt D. Biological predictors of pharmacological therapy in anxiety disorders. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):305-17. Article

Masdrakis VG, Turic D, Baldwin DS. Pharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder. Mod Trends Pharmacopsychiatri. 2013;29:144-53. Abstract

Murrough JW, Yaqubi S, Sayed S, Charney DS. Emerging drugs for the treatment of anxiety. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2015;20(3):393-406. Article

Perna G, Alciati A, Riva A, et al. Long-term pharmacological treatments of anxiety disorders: an updated systematic review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016;18(3):23. Abstract

Piccinelli M, Pini S, Bellantuono C, Wilkinson G. Efficacy of drug treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A meta-analytic review. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;166(4):424-43. Abstract

Pull CB, Damsa C. Pharmacotherapy of panic disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008;4(4):779-95. Article

Ravindran LN, Stein MB. The pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders: a review of progress. J Clin Psych. 2010;71(7):839-54. Abstract

Samuel M, Zimovetz EA, Gabriel Z, Beard SM. Efficacy and safety of treatments for refractory generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;26(2):63-8. Abstract

Singewald N, Schmuckermair C, Whittle N, et al. Pharmacology of cognitive enhancers for exposure-based therapy of fear, anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;149:150-90. Article

Uhlenhuth EH, Balter MB, Ban TA, Yang K. International study of expert judgment on therapeutic use of benzodiazepines and other psychotherapeutic medications: VI. Trends in recommendations for the pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders, 1992-1997. Depress Anxiety. 1999;9(3):107-16. Abstract

Uhlenhuth EH, Balter MB, Ban TA, Yang K. International study of expert judgement on therapeutic use of benzodiazepines and other psychotherapeutic medications: II. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 1995;35(4):153-62. Abstract

Uguz F. A pharmacological approach to panic disorder during pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(9):1468-75. Abstract

General Principles

Desmarais JE, Beauclair L, Margolese HC. Switching from brand-name to generic psychotropic medications: a literature review. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011;17(6):750-60. Abstract

Rickels K. Should benzodiazepines be replaced by antidepressants in the treatment of anxiety disorders? Fact or fiction? Psychother Psychosom. 2013;82(6):351-2. Article

Skolnick P. Anxioselective anxiolytics: on a quest for the Holy Grail. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2012;33(11):611-20. Article

Anti-Psychotics

Ahearn EP, Krohn A, Connor KM, Davidson JR. Pharmacologic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a focus on antipsychotic use. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2003;15(3-4):193-201. Abstract

Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Kelmendi B, et al. A systematic review: antipsychotic augmentation with treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2006;11(7):622-32. Abstract

Carton L, Cottencin O, Lapeyre-Mestre M, et al. Off-label prescribing of antipsychotics in adults, children and elderly individuals: a systematic review of recent prescription trends. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(23):3280-97. Abstract

Comer JS, Mojtabai R, Olfson M. National trends in the antipsychotic treatment of psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1057-65. Abstract

Dold M, Aigner M, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Antipsychotic augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: an update meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;18(9). pii: pyv047. Article

Dold M, Aigner M, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Antipsychotic augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;16(3):557-74. Abstract

Gao K, Sheehan DV, Calabrese JR. Atypical antipsychotics in primary generalized anxiety disorder or comorbid with mood disorders. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(8):1147-58. Article

Gao K, Muzina D, Gajwani P, Calabrese JR. Efficacy of typical and atypical antipsychotics for primary and comorbid anxiety symptoms or disorders: a review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(9):1327-40. Abstract

Giampaolo P, Alessandra A, Raffaele B, et al. Is there room for second-generation antipsychotics in the pharmacotherapy of panic disorder? A systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(4):551. Abstract

Hershenberg R, Gros DF, Brawman-Mintzer O. Role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. CNS Drugs. 2014;28(6):519-33. Abstract

LaLonde CD, Van Lieshout RJ. Treating generalized anxiety disorder with second generation antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;31(3):326-33. Abstract

Maglione M, Maher AR, Hu J, et al. Off-label use of atypical antipsychotics: an update. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011 Sep. Report No.: 11-EHC087-EF. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Document

Maher AR, Theodore G. Summary of the comparative effectiveness review on off-label use of atypical antipsychotics. J Manag Care Pharm. 2012;18(5 Suppl B):S1-20. Abstract

McDougle CJ, Epperson CN, Pelton GH, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone addition in serotonin reuptake inhibitor-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(8):794-801. Abstract

Storch EA, Goddard AW, Grant JE, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of paliperidone augmentation in serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(6):e527-32. Abstract

Veale D, Miles S, Smallcombe N, et al. Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in SSRI treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14:317. Article

Vulink NC, Figee M, Denys D. Review of atypical antipsychotics in anxiety. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21(6):429-49. Abstract

Wang HR, Woo YS, Bahk WM .The potential role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of panic disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2014;29(5):405-13. Abstract

Aripiprazole

Javelot H, Psychopharmacology of anxiety and depression: Historical aspects, current treatments and perspectives. Ann Pharm Fr. 2016;74(2):93-118. Abstract

Haloperidol

Radha Krishna LK, Poulose VJ, Goh C. The use of midazolam and haloperidol in cancer patients at the end of life. Singapore Med J. 2012;53(1):62-6. Abstract

Quetiapine

Denys D, de Geus F, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine addition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder refractory to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(8):1040-8. Abstract

Maneeton N, Maneeton B, Woottiluk P, et al. Quetiapine monotherapy in acute treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:259-76. Article

Trifluoperazine

Mendels J, Krajewski TF, Huffer V, et al. Effective short-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with trifluoperazine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1986;47(4):170-4. Abstract

Benzodiazepines – See Benzodiazepine use Anxiety

Beta Blockers

Bernardi RE, Lattal KM. A role for alpha-adrenergic receptors in extinction of conditioned fear and cocaine conditioned place preference. Behav Neurosci. 2010;124(2):204-10. Article

Bos MG, Beckers T, Kindt M. The effects of noradrenergic blockade on extinction in humans. Biol Psychol. 2012;89(3):598-605. Abstract

Brunet A, Orr SP, Tremblay J, et al. Effect of post-retrieval propranolol on psychophysiologic responding during subsequent script-driven traumatic imagery in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2008;42(6):503-6. Abstract

Glannon W. Psychopharmacology and memory. J Med Ethics. 2006;32(2):74-8. Article

Kindt M, van Emmerik A. New avenues for treating emotional memory disorders: towards a reconsolidation intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2016;6(4):283-95. Article

Lonergan MH, Olivera-Figueroa LA, Pitman RK, Brunet A. Propranolol’s effects on the consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term emotional memory in healthy participants: a meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2013;38(4):222-31. Article

Munjack DJ, Crocker B, Cabe D, et al. Alprazolam, propranolol, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1989;9(1):22-7. Abstract

Pitman RK, Sanders KM, Zusman RM, et al. Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;51(2):189-92. Abstract

Plantier D, Luauté J, SOFMER group. Drugs for behavior disorders after traumatic brain injury: systematic review and expert consensus leading to French recommendations for good practice. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2016;59(1):42-57. Abstract

Raj SR, Black BK, Biaggioni I, et al. Propranolol decreases tachycardia and improves symptoms in the postural tachycardia syndrome: less is more. Circulation. 2009;120(9):725-34. Article

Roque AP. Pharmacotherapy as prophylactic treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a review of the literature. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2015;36(9):740-51. Abstract

Steenen SA, van Wijk AJ, van der Heijden GJ, et al. Propranolol for the treatment of anxiety disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol. 2016;30(2):128-39. Article

Stein MB, Kerridge C, Dimsdale JE, Hoyt DB. Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial in physically injured patients. J Trauma Stress. 2007;20(6):923-32. Abstract

van Stegeren AH. The role of the noradrenergic system in emotional memory. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2008;127(3):532-41. Abstract

van Stegeren AH, Everaerd W, Gooren LJ. The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade after encoding on memory of an emotional event. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002;163(2):202-12. Abstract

Prazosin

Berger W, Mendlowicz MV, Marques-Portella C, et al. Pharmacologic alternatives to antidepressants in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2009;33(2):169-80. Abstract

Calcium Channel Agents

Gabapentin

Berlin RK, Butler PM, Perloff MD. Gabapentin therapy in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2015;17(5):10.4088/PCC.15r01821. Article

Lavigne JE, Heckler C, Mathews JL, et al. A randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial of gabapentin 300 versus 900 mg versus placebo for anxiety symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;136(2):479-86. Article

Ménigaux C, Adam F, Guignard B, et al. Preoperative gabapentin decreases anxiety and improves early functional recovery from knee surgery. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(5):1394-9. Article

Pande AC, Pollack MH, Crockatt J, et al. Placebo-controlled study of gabapentin treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000;20(4):467-71. Abstract

Pande AC, Davidson JR, Jefferson JW, et al. Treatment of social phobia with gabapentin: a placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;19(4):341-8. Abstract

Pregabalin

Darbà J, Kaskens L, Pérez C, et al. Pharmacoeconomic outcomes for pregabalin: a systematic review in neuropathic pain, generalized anxiety disorder, and epilepsy from a Spanish perspective. Adv Ther. 2014;31(1):1-29. Abstract

De Salas-Cansado M, Álvarez E, Olivares JM, et al. Modelling the cost-effectiveness of pregabalin versus usual care in daily practice in the treatment of refractory generalized anxiety disorder in Spain. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013;48(6):985-96. Abstract

Feltner DE, Crockatt JG, Dubovsky SJ, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, multicenter study of pregabalin in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;23(3):240-9. Abstract

Montgomery SA, Tobias K, Zornberg GL, et al. Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 6-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of pregabalin and venlafaxine. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(5):771-82. Abstract

Owen RT. Pregabalin: its efficacy, safety and tolerability profile in generalized anxiety. Drugs Today (Barc). 2007;43(9):601-10. Abstract

Pande AC, Feltner DE, Jefferson JW, et al. Efficacy of the novel anxiolytic pregabalin in social anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;24(2):141-9. Abstract

Pande AC, Crockatt JG, Feltner DE, et al. Pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(3):533-40. Abstract

Papazisis G, Tzachanis D. Pregabalin’s abuse potential: a mini review focusing on the pharmacological profile. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;52(8):709-16. Abstract

Pohl RB, Feltner DE, Fieve RR, Pande AC. Efficacy of pregabalin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of BID versus TID dosing. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;25(2):151-8. Abstract

Rickels K, Shiovitz TM, Ramey TS, et al. Adjunctive therapy with pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder patients with partial response to SSRI or SNRI treatment. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;27(3):142-50. Abstract

Rickels K, Pollack MH, Feltner DE, et al. Pregabalin for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 4-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pregabalin and alprazolam. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(9):1022-30. Abstract

Tassone DM, Boyce E, Guyer J, Nuzum D. Pregabalin: a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue in the treatment of neuropathic pain, partial-onset seizures, and anxiety disorders. Clin Ther. 2007;29(1):26-48. Abstract

Hormones

Abrari K, Rashidy-Pour A, Semnanian S, Fathollahi Y. Administration of corticosterone after memory reactivation disrupts subsequent retrieval of a contextual conditioned fear memory: dependence upon training intensity. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2008;89(2):178-84. Abstract

Acheson D, Feifel D, de Wilde S, et al. The effect of intranasal oxytocin treatment on conditioned fear extinction and recall in a healthy human sample. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013;229(1):199-208. Abstract

Aerni A, Traber R, Hock C, et al. Low-dose cortisol for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(8):1488-90. Abstract

Aguilar Cordero MJ, Sánchez López AM, Mur Villar N, et al. Salivary cortisol as an indicator of physological stress in children and adults; a systematic review. Nutr Hosp. 2014;29(5):960-8. Abstract

Amos T, Stein DJ, Ipser JC. Pharmacological interventions for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(7):CD006239. Abstract

Brinks V, de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS. Corticosterone facilitates extinction of fear memory in BALB/c mice but strengthens cue related fear in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Neurol. 2009;216(2):375-82. Abstract

Eckstein M, Becker B, Scheele D, et al. Oxytocin facilitates the extinction of conditioned fear in humans. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;78(3):194-202. Abstract

McKinney CH, Honig TJ. Health outcomes of a series of Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and music sessions: a systematic review. J Music Ther. 2017;54(1):1-34. Abstract

McKinney CH, Antoni MH, Kumar M, et al. Effects of guided imagery and music (GIM) therapy on mood and cortisol in healthy adults. Health Psychol. 1997;16(4):390-400. Abstract

Stockhorst U, Antov MI. Modulation of fear extinction by stress, stress hormones and estradiol: a review. Front Behav Neurosci. 2016;9:359. Article

van Ast VA, Cornelisse S, Meeter M, Kindt M. Cortisol mediates the effects of stress on the contextual dependency of memories. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;41:97-110. Abstract

van Ast VA, Cornelisse S, Meeter M, et al. Time-dependent effects of cortisol on the contextualization of emotional memories. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74(11):809-16. Abstract

van Ast VA, Cornelisse S, Marin MF, et al. Modulatory mechanisms of cortisol effects on emotional learning and memory: novel perspectives. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(9):1874-82. Article

Mono-Amine Regulatory Agents

Bielefeldt AØ, Danborg PB, Gøtzsche PC. Precursors to suicidality and violence on antidepressants: systematic review of trials in adult healthy volunteers. J R Soc Med. 2016;109(10):381-92. Article

Feighner JP. Overview of antidepressants currently used to treat anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 22:18-22. Abstract

Gentile S. Efficacy of antidepressant medications in children and adolescents with non-obsessive-compulsive disorder anxiety disorders: a systematic assessment. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(6):735-44. Abstract

Mihanović M, Restek-Petrović B, Bodor D, et al. Suicidality and side effects of antidepressants and antipsychotics. Psychiatr Danub. 2010;22(1):79-84. Article

Undela K, Parthasarathi G, John SS. Impact of antidepressants use on risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015;47(3):256-62. Article

Valuck RJ, Libby AM, Anderson HD, et al. Comparison of antidepressant classes and the risk and time course of suicide attempts in adults: propensity matched, retrospective cohort study. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;208(3):271-9. Article

MAOI

Culpepper L. The use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in primary care. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73 Suppl 1:37-41. Abstract

SNRI

Silverstone PH. Qualitative review of SNRIs in anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 17:19-28. Abstract

Desvenlafaxine

Tourian KA, Jiang Q, Ninan PT. Analysis of the effect of desvenlafaxine on anxiety symptoms associated with major depressive disorder: pooled data from 9 short-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. CNS Spectr. 2010;15(3):187-93. Abstract

Duloxetine

Carter NJ, McCormack PL. Duloxetine: a review of its use in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. CNS Drugs. 2009;23(6):523-41. Abstract

Dunner DL, Goldstein DJ, Mallinckrodt C, et al. Duloxetine in treatment of anxiety symptoms associated with depression. Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):53-61. Abstract

Hartford J, Kornstein S, Liebowitz M, et al. Duloxetine as an SNRI treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: results from a placebo and active-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;22(3):167-74. Abstract

Nicolini H, Bakish D, Duenas H, et al. Improvement of psychic and somatic symptoms in adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder: examination from a duloxetine, venlafaxine extended-release and placebo-controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2009;39(2):267-76. Abstract

Rynn M, Russell J, Erickson J, et al. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a flexible-dose, progressive-titration, placebo-controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(3):182-9. Abstract

Levomilnacipran

Blier P, Gommoll C, Chen C, Kramer K. Effects of levomilnacipran ER on noradrenergic symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and functional impairment in adults with major depressive disorder: Post hoc analysis of 5 clinical trials. J Affect Disord. 2017;210:273-9. Abstract

Milnacipran

Blaya C, Seganfredo AC, Dornelles M, et al. The efficacy of milnacipran in panic disorder: an open trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;22(3):153-8. Abstract

Chen MH, Liou YJ. Milnacipran in panic disorder with agoraphobia and major depressive disorder: a case report. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2011;34(5):201-2. Abstract

Tsukamoto T, Kondoh R, Ichikawa K. Efficacy and safety of milnacipran in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: an open study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2004;8(4):255-8. Abstract

Venlafaxine

Ferguson JM, Khan A, Mangano R, et al. Relapse prevention of panic disorder in adult outpatient responders to treatment with venlafaxine extended release. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(1):58-68. Abstract

Pollack MH, Lepola U, Koponen H, et al. A double-blind study of the efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release, paroxetine, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2007;24(1):1-14. Abstract

Sheehan DV. Attaining remission in generalized anxiety disorder: venlafaxine extended release comparative data. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl 19:26-31. Abstract

Sheehan DV. Venlafaxine extended release (XR) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 22:23-8. Abstract

Silverstone PH, Salinas E. Efficacy of venlafaxine extended release in patients with major depressive disorder and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(7):523-9. Abstract

SSRI

Bloch MH, McGuire J, Landeros-Weisenberger A, et al. Meta-analysis of the dose-response relationship of SSRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15(8):850-5. Abstract

Fergusson D, Doucette S, Glass KC, et al. Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2005;330(7488):396. Article

Issari Y, Jakubovski E, Bartley CA, et al. Early onset of response with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(5):e605-11. Abstract

KoKoAung E, Cavenett S, McArthur A, Aromataris E. The association between suicidality and treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in older people with major depression: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015;13(3):174-205. Abstract

Sharma T, Guski LS, Freund N, Gøtzsche PC. Suicidality and aggression during antidepressant treatment: systematic review and meta-analyses based on clinical study reports. BMJ. 2016;352:i65. Article

Soomro GM, Altman D, Rajagopal S, Oakley-Browne M. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus placebo for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD001765. Abstract

Escitalopram

Lader M, Stender K, Bürger V, Nil R. Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in 12- and 24-week treatment of social anxiety disorder: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study. Depress Anxiety. 2004;19(4):241-8. Abstract

Montgomery SA, Nil R, Dürr-Pal N, et al. A 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of escitalopram for the prevention of generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(10):1270-8. Abstract

Pelissolo A, Moukheiber A. Open-label treatment with escitalopram in patients with social anxiety disorder and fear of blushing. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(5):695-8. Abstract

Pelissolo A. Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in anxiety disorders: a review. Encephale. 2008;34(4):400-8. Abstract

Waugh J, Goa KL. Escitalopram: a review of its use in the management of major depressive and anxiety disorders. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(5):343-62. Abstract

Fluoxetine

Etain B, Bonnet-Perrin E. Value of fluoxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder in the adult: review of the literature. Encephale. 2001;27(3):280-9. Abstract

Fluvoxamine

Altamura AC, Caldiroli A, Buoli M. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2015;11(4):649-60. Abstract

Paroxetine

Bourin M. Use of paroxetine for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in the elderly: a review. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003;18(3):185-90. Abstract

Foster RH, Goa KL. Paroxetine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of panic disorder. CNS Drugs. 1997;8(2):163-88. Abstract

Sertraline

Greist J, Chouinard G, DuBoff E, et al. Double-blind parallel comparison of three dosages of sertraline and placebo in outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52(4):289-95. Abstract

MacQueen G, Born L, Steiner M. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline: its profile and use in psychiatric disorders. CNS Drug Rev. 2001;7(1):1-24. Abstract

Schwartz AC, Rothbaum BO. Review of sertraline in post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2002;3(10):1489-99. Abstract

TCA

Clomipramine

McTavish D, Benfield P. Clomipramine. An overview of its pharmacological properties and a review of its therapeutic use in obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorder. Drugs. 1990;39(1):136-53. Abstract

Doxepin

Pinder RM, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS. Doxepin up-to-date: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy with particular reference to depression. Drugs. 1977;13(3):161-218. Abstract

Imipramine

Cohen SD, Monteiro W, Marks IM. Two-year follow-up of agoraphobics after exposure and imipramine. Br J Psychiatry. 1984;144:276-81. Abstract

Dean L in Pratt V, McLeod H, Dean L, et al eds. Medical Genetics Summaries. Imipramine Therapy and CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genotype. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012-.

2017 Mar 23. Document

Marchand A, Coutu MF, Dupuis G, et al. Treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: randomized placebo-controlled trial of four psychosocial treatments combined with imipramine or placebo. Cogn Behav Ther. 2008;37(3):146-59. Abstract

Mavissakalian M. Sequential combination of imipramine and self-directed exposure in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990;51(5):184-8. Abstract

Mavissakalian MR, Perel JM. Imipramine dose-response relationship in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Preliminary findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46(2):127-31. Abstract

Mavissakalian M, Michelson L. Agoraphobia: relative and combined effectiveness of therapist-assisted in vivo exposure and imipramine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1986;47(3):117-22. Abstract

Zitrin CM, Klein DF, Woerner MG, Ross DC. Treatment of phobias. I. Comparison of imipramine hydrochloride and placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40(2):125-38. Abstract

Zitrin CM, Klein DF, Woerner MG. Behavior therapy, supportive psychotherapy, imipramine, and phobias. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978;35(3):307-16. Abstract

N-acetylcysteine

Back SE, McCauley JL, Korte KJ, et al. A double-blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial of N-acetylcysteine in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(11):e1439-e1446. Article

NMDA Receptor Agents

Krystal JH, D’Souza DC, Petrakis IL, et al. NMDA agonists and antagonists as probes of glutamatergic dysfunction and pharmacotherapies in neuropsychiatric disorders. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1999;7(3):125-43. Abstract

Amantidine (low-affinity noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist)

Stryjer R, Budnik D, Ebert T, et al. Amantadine augmentation therapy for obsessive compulsive patients resistant to SSRIs-an open-label study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014;37(3):79-81. Abstract

D-Cycloserine

Mataix-Cols D, Fernández de la Cruz L, Monzani B, et al. D-cycloserine augmentation of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract

Schade S, Paulus W. D-cycloserine in neuropsychiatric diseases: a systematic review. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;19(4). pii: pyv102. Article

Ketamine

Ballard ED, Ionescu DF, Vande Voort JL, et al. Improvement in suicidal ideation after ketamine infusion: relationship to reductions in depression and anxiety. J Psychiatr Res. 2014;58:161-6. Article

Bloch MH, Wasylink S, Landeros-Weisenberger A, et al. Effects of ketamine in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;72(11):964-70. Article

Irwin SA, Iglewicz A, Nelesen RA, et al. Daily oral ketamine for the treatment of depression and anxiety in patients receiving hospice care: a 28-day open-label proof-of-concept trial. J Palliat Med. 2013;16(8):958-65. Article

Irwin SA, Iglewicz A. Oral ketamine for the rapid treatment of depression and anxiety in patients receiving hospice care. J Palliat Med. 2010;13(7):903-8. Article

Niciu MJ, Grunschel BD, Corlett PR, et al. Two cases of delayed-onset suicidal ideation, dysphoria and anxiety after ketamine infusion in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and a history of major depressive disorder. J Psychopharmacol. 2013;27(7):651-4. Abstract

Rasmussen KG. Has psychiatry tamed the “ketamine tiger?” Considerations on its use for depression and anxiety. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016;64:218-24. Abstract

Ray SM, Kious BM. Sustained resolution of panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder with a single ketamine infusion: a case report. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2016;18(4). Article

Rodriguez CI, Kegeles LS, Levinson A, et al. Randomized controlled crossover trial of ketamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: proof-of-concept. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38(12):2475-83. Article

Memantine

Aboujaoude E, Barry JJ, Gamel N. Memantine augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open-label trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29(1):51-5. Abstract

Kavirajan H. Memantine: a comprehensive review of safety and efficacy. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009;8(1):89-109. Abstract

Zdanys K, Tampi RR. A systematic review of off-label uses of memantine for psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32(6):1362-74. Abstract

Topiramate

Berlin HA, Koran LM, Jenike MA, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(5):716-21. Abstract

Opioids

Colasanti A, Rabiner EA, Lingford-Hughes A, Nutt DJ. Opioids and anxiety. J Psychopharmacol. 2011;25(11):1415-33. Abstract

Koran LM, Aboujaoude E, Bullock KD, et al. Double-blind treatment with oral morphine in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(3):353-9. Abstract

Plant-Based Medicines

Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R, et al. A systematic review of plant-derived natural compounds for anxiety disorders. Curr Top Med Chem. 2016;16(17):1924-42. Abstract

Lakhan SE, Vieira KF. Nutritional and herbal supplements for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders: systematic review. Nutr J. 2010;9:42. Article

Larzelere MM, Campbell JS, Robertson M. Complementary and alternative medicine usage for behavioral health indications. Prim Care. 2010;37(2):213-36. Abstract

Larzelere MM, Wiseman P. Anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Prim Care. 2002;29(2):339-60, vii. Abstract

Saeed SA, Bloch RM, Antonacci DJ. Herbal and dietary supplements for treatment of anxiety disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(4):549-56. Article

Sarris J, McIntyre E, Camfield DA. Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, Part 1: a review of preclinical studies. CNS Drugs. 2013;27(3):207-19. Abstract

Sarris J, McIntyre E, Camfield DA. Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence. CNS Drugs. 2013;27(4):301-19. Abstract

Sarris J, Panossian A, Schweitzer I, et al. Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21(12):841-60. Abstract

Setzer WN. Essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy. Nat Prod Commun. 2009;4(9):1305-16. Abstract

Ashwagandha

Pratte MA, Nanavati KB, Young V, Morley CP. An alternative treatment for anxiety: a systematic review of human trial results reported for the Ayurvedic herb ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(12):901-8. Article

Ayahuasca

Dos Santos RG, Osório FL, Crippa JA, Hallak JE. Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of ayahuasca: a systematic literature review of animal and human studies. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2016;38(1):65-72. Abstract

Chamomile

McKay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother Res. 2006;20(7):519-30. Abstract

Cannabinoids: See Cannabinoids & Mental Health

Essential Oils

de Sousa DP, de Almeida Soares Hocayen P, Andrade LN, Andreatini R. A systematic review of the anxiolytic-like effects of essential oils in animal models. Molecules. 2015;20(10):18620-60. Abstract

Tsang HW, Ho TY. A systematic review on the anxiolytic effects of aromatherapy on rodents under experimentally induced anxiety models. Rev Neurosci. 2010;21(2):141-52. Abstract

Kava

Cauffield JS, Forbes HJ. Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1999;3(3):290-304. Abstract

Pittler MH, Ernst E. Kava extract for treating anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(1):CD003383. Abstract

Sarris J, Teschke R, Stough C, et al. Re-introduction of kava (Piper methysticum) to the EU: is there a way forward? Planta Med. 2011;77(2):107-10. Abstract

Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ, Adams J, et al. Kava Anxiety Depression Spectrum Study (KADSS): a mixed methods RCT using an aqueous extract of Piper methysticum. Complement Ther Med. 2009;17(3):176-8. Abstract

Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ, Byrne G, et al. The Kava Anxiety Depression Spectrum Study (KADSS): a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial using an aqueous extract of Piper methysticum. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009;205(3):399-407. Abstract

Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ. Kava and St. John’s Wort: current evidence for use in mood and anxiety disorders. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(8):827-36. Abstract

Lavender

Perry R, Terry R, Watson LK, Ernst E. Is lavender an anxiolytic drug? A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(8-9):825-35. Abstract

Shaw D, Annett JM, Doherty B, Leslie JC. Anxiolytic effects of lavender oil inhalation on open-field behavior in rats. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(9):613-20. Abstract

Woelk H, Schläfke S. A multi-center, double-blind, randomised study of the Lavender oil preparation Silexan in comparison to Lorazepam for generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(2):94-9. Abstract

Passion Flower

Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Vazirian M, et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001;26(5):363-7. Abstract

Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG. Passiflora for anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD004518. Abstract

Villet S, Vacher V, Colas A, et al. Open-label observational study of the homeopathic medicine Passiflora Compose for anxiety and sleep disorders. Homeopathy. 2016;105(1):84-91. Abstract

Saffron

Pitsikas N. Constituents of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) as potential candidates for the treatment of anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. Molecules. 2016;21(3):303. Abstract

St. John’s Wort

Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ. Kava and St. John’s Wort: current evidence for use in mood and anxiety disorders. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(8):827-36. Abstract

Valarian

Kelber O, Nieber K, Kraft K. Valerian: no evidence for clinically relevant interactions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:879396. Article

Miyasaka et al. Valerian for anxiety disorders. Coch Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD004515. Abstract

Serotonin Receptor Agents

Azapirones

Chessick CA, Allen MH, Thase M, et al. Azapirones for generalized anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(3):CD006115. Abstract

Imai H, Tajika A, Chen P, et al. Azapirones versus placebo for panic disorder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(9):CD010828. Abstract

Buspirone

Delle Chiaie R, Pancheri P, Casacchia M, et al. Assessment of the efficacy of buspirone in patients affected by generalized anxiety disorder, shifting to buspirone from prior treatment with lorazepam: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995;15(1):12-9. Abstract

Feighner JP. Buspirone in the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987;48 Suppl:3-6. Abstract

Laakmann G, Schüle C, Lorkowski G, et al. Buspirone and lorazepam in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in outpatients. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998;136(4):357-66. Abstract

Newton RE, Marunycz JD, Alderdice MT, Napoliello MJ. Review of the side-effect profile of buspirone. Am J Med. 1986;80(3B):17-21. Abstract

Petracca A, Nisita C, McNair D, et al. Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: preliminary clinical experience with buspirone. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990;51 Suppl:31-9. Abstract

Hydroxyzine

Darcis T, Ferreri M, Natens J, et al. A multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled study investigating the anxiolytic efficacy of hydroxyzine in patients with generalized anxiety. Human Psychopharmacology. 1995;10:181-7.

Guaiana G, Barbui C, Cipriani A. Hydroxyzine for generalized anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(12):CD006815. Abstract

Lader M, Scotto JC. A multicentre double-blind comparison of hydroxyzine, buspirone and placebo in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998;139(4):402-6. Abstract

Llorca PM, Spadone C, Sol O, et al. Efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 3-month double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(11):1020-7. Abstract

Mirtazapine

Croom KF, Perry CM, Plosker GL. Mirtazapine: a review of its use in major depression and other psychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs. 2009;23(5):427-52. Abstract

Nutt DJ. Care of depressed patients with anxiety symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:23-7; discussion 46-8. Abstract

Trazodone

Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS. Trazodone: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in depression and anxiety. Drugs. 1981;21(6):401-29. Abstract

Haria M, Fitton A, McTavish D. Trazodone. A review of its pharmacology, therapeutic use in depression and therapeutic potential in other disorders. Drugs Aging. 1994;4(4):331-55. Abstract

Mavissakalian M, Perel J, Bowler K, Dealy R. Trazodone in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. Am J Psych. 1987;144(6):785-7. Abstract

Sodium Channel Blockers

Eyer F, Schreckenberg M, Hecht D, et al. Carbamazepine and valproate as adjuncts in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2011;46(2):177-84. Abstract

Hillbom M, Tokola R, Kuusela V, et al. Prevention of alcohol withdrawal seizures with carbamazepine and valproic acid. Alcohol. 1989;6(3):223-6. Abstract

Keck PE, Strawn JR, McElroy SL. Pharmacologic treatment considerations in co-occurring bipolar and anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67 Suppl 1:8-15. Abstract

Keck PE, McElroy SL, Tugrul KC, et al. Antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of panic disorder. Neuropsychobiology. 1993;27(3):150-3. Abstract

Keck PE, McElroy SL, Friedman LM. Valproate and carbamazepine in the treatment of panic and posttraumatic stress disorders, withdrawal states, and behavioral dyscontrol syndromes. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992;12(1 Suppl):36S-41S. Abstract

Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, Davoli M. Anticonvulsants for alcohol withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(3):CD005064. Abstract

Mula M, Pini S, Cassano GB. The role of anticonvulsant drugs in anxiety disorders: a critical review of the evidence. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;27(3):263-72. Abstract

Roy-Byrne PP, Ward NG, Donnelly PJ. Valproate in anxiety and withdrawal syndromes. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989;50 Suppl:44-8. Abstract

Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Pipe B, Bennett M. Antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of anxiety disorders: role in therapy. Drugs. 2004;64(19):2199-220. Abstract

Carbamazepine

Barrons R, Roberts N. The role of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in alcohol withdrawal syndrome. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2010;35(2):153-67. Abstract

Roy-Byrne PP, Ward NG, Donnelly PJ. Valproate in anxiety and withdrawal syndromes. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989;50 Suppl:44-8. Abstract

Valproate

Ontiveros A, Fontaine R. Sodium valproate and clonazepam for treatment-resistant panic disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1992;17(2):78-80. Article

Roy-Byrne PP, Ward NG, Donnelly PJ. Valproate in anxiety and withdrawal syndromes. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989;50 Suppl:44-8. Abstract

Stimulants

Koran LM, Aboujaoude E, Gamel NN. Double-blind study of dextroamphetamine versus caffeine augmentation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(11):1530-5. Abstract

1.21 Treatment: Pharmacologic Combinations

Ipser JC, Carey P, Dhansay Y, et al. Pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD005473. Abstract

Simon NM, Hoge EA, Fischmann D, et al. An open-label trial of risperidone augmentation for refractory anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(3):381-5. Abstract

Combination Studies in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Brawman-Mintzer O, Knapp RG, Nietert PJ. Adjunctive risperidone in generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(10):1321-5. Abstract

Gabriel A. The extended-release formulation of quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) adjunctive treatment in partially responsive generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): An open label naturalistic study. Clin Ter. 2011;162(2):113-8. Abstract

Katzman MA, Vermani M, Jacobs L, et al. Quetiapine as an adjunctive pharmacotherapy for the treatment of non-remitting generalized anxiety disorder: a flexible-dose, open-label pilot trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(8):1480-6. Abstract

Khan A, Atkinson S, Mezhebovsky I, et al. Extended-release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) as adjunctive therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and a history of inadequate treatment response: a randomized, double-blind study. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2013;25(4):E7-22. Abstract

Combination Studies in Obsessive-Compulsive Anxiety Disorder

Combination Studies in Panic Disorder

Combination Studies in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Hamner MB, Faldowski RA, Ulmer HG, et al. Adjunctive risperidone treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder: a preliminary controlled trial of effects on comorbid psychotic symptoms. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;18(1):1-8. Abstract

Sonne C, Carlsson J, Bech P, et al. Treatment of trauma-affected refugees with venlafaxine versus sertraline combined with psychotherapy – a randomised study. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):383. Article

Stein MB, Kline NA, Matloff JL. Adjunctive olanzapine for SSRI-resistant combat-related PTSD: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(10):1777-9. Abstract

Combination: Social Anxiety Disorder

1.22 Treatment: Pharmacologic v Pharmacologic Comparisons

Bakker A, van Balkom AJ, Spinhoven P, et al. Follow-up on the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a quantitative review. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1998;186(7):414-9. Abstract

Calcium Channel Blockers v Benzodiazepines

Pande AC, Crockatt JG, Feltner DE, et al. Pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(3):533-40. Abstract

Mono-Amine Reuptake Inhibitors v Benzodiazepines

Benítez CI, Smith K, Vasile RG, et al. Use of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in middle-aged and older adults with anxiety disorders: a longitudinal and prospective study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;16(1):5-13. Abstract

Hackett D, Haudiquet V, Salinas E. A method for controlling for a high placebo response rate in a comparison of venlafaxine XR and diazepam in the short-term treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2003;18(4):182-7. Abstract

Laws D, Ashford JJ, Anstee JA. A multicentre double-blind comparative trial of fluvoxamine versus lorazepam in mixed anxiety and depression treated in general practice. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990;81(2):185-9. Abstract

Nardi AE, Valença AM, Freire RC, et al. Psychopharmacotherapy of panic disorder: 8-week randomized trial with clonazepam and paroxetine. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011;44(4):366-73. Abstract

Offidani E, Guidi J, Tomba E, Fava GA. Efficacy and tolerability of benzodiazepines versus antidepressants in anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 2013;82(6):355-62. Abstract

Mono-Amine Reuptake Inhibitors v Other Agents

Asnis GM, Kohn SR, Henderson M, Brown NL. SSRIs versus non-SSRIs in post-traumatic stress disorder: an update with recommendations. Drugs. 2004;64(4):383-404. Abstract

Carrasco JL, Álvarez E, Olivares JM, Rejas J. A comparative cost-analysis of initiating pregabalin or SSRI / SNRI therapy in benzodiazepine-resistant patients with generalized anxiety disorder in Spain. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2013;41(3):164-74. Article

De Salas-Cansado M, Olivares JM, Alvarez E, et al. Pregabalin versus SSRIs and SNRIs in benzodiazepine-refractory outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder: a post hoc cost-effectiveness analysis in usual medical practice in Spain. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2012;4:157-68. Article

Kasper S, Herman B, Nivoli G, et al. Efficacy of pregabalin and venlafaxine-XR in generalized anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;24(2):87-96. Abstract

SNRI v SNRI

Allgulander C, Nutt D, Detke M, et al. A non-inferiority comparison of duloxetine and venlafaxine in the treatment of adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychopharmacol. 2008;22(4):417-25. Abstract

SNRI v Seratonin Receptor Agents

Davidson JR, DuPont RL, Hedges D, Haskins JT. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release and buspirone in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(8):528-35. Abstract

SNRI v SSRI

Silverstone PH, Ravindran A. Once-daily venlafaxine extended release (XR) compared with fluoxetine in outpatients with depression and anxiety. Venlafaxine XR 360 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(1):22-8. Abstract

1.23 Treatment: Pharmacologic v Modality Comparisons

Bandelow B, Reitt M, Röver C, et al. Efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;30(4):183-92. Abstract

Bandelow B, Sher L, Bunevicius R, et al. Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2012;16(2):77-84. Abstract

Imai H, Tajika A, Chen P, et al. Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10:CD011170. Abstract

Pull CB, Damsa C. Pharmacotherapy of panic disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008;4(4):779-95. Article

van Balkom AJ, Bakker A, Spinhoven P, et al. A meta-analysis of the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a comparison of psychopharmacological, cognitive-behavioral, and combination treatments. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185(8):510-6. Abstract

Naturopathy v Psych Modalities

Cooley K, Szczurko O, Perri D, et al. Naturopathic care for anxiety: a randomized controlled trial ISRCTN78958974. PLoS One. 2009;4(8):e6628. Article

Schuurmans J, Comijs H, Emmelkamp PM, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and sertraline versus a waitlist control group for anxiety disorders in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14(3):255-63. Abstract

Comparison Studies in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Comparison Studies in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Biondi M, Picardi A. Increased maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder remission after integrated serotonergic treatment and cognitive psychotherapy compared with medication alone. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74(2):123-8. Abstract

Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, Koole SL, et al. The efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in treating depressive and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of direct comparisons. World Psychiatry. 2013;12(2):137-48. Article

Goodman WK. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 18:27-32. Abstract

Roshanaei-Moghaddam B, Pauly MC, Atkins DC, et al. Relative effects of CBT and pharmacotherapy in depression versus anxiety: is medication somewhat better for depression, and CBT somewhat better for anxiety? Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(7):560-7. Abstract

Comparison Studies in Panic Disorder

Bakker A, van Balkom AJ, Spinhoven P, et al. Follow-up on the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a quantitative review. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1998;186(7):414-9. Abstract

Lelliott PT, Marks IM, Monteiro WO. et al. Agoraphobics 5 years after imipramine and exposure. Outcome and predictors. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1987;175(10):599-605. Abstract

Marks IM, Gray S, Cohen D, et al. Imipramine and brief therapists-aided exposure in agoraphobics having self-exposure homework. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40(2):153-62. Abstract

Mavissakalian M. Sequential combination of imipramine and self-directed exposure in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990;51(5):184-8. Abstract

Mavissakalian MR, Perel JM. Imipramine dose-response relationship in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Preliminary findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46(2):127-31. Abstract

Nagy LM, Krystal JH, Charney DS, et al. Long-term outcome of panic disorder after short-term imipramine and behavioral group treatment: 2.9-year naturalistic follow-up study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993;13(1):16-24. Abstract

Zitrin CM, Klein DF, Woerner MG. Behavior therapy, supportive psychotherapy, imipramine, and phobias. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978;35(3):307-16. Abstract

Comparison Studies in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Comparison Studies in Social Anxiety Disorder

[No authors listed] Social anxiety disorder: recognition, assessment and treatment. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Clinical Guidelines No. 159. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). 2013. Document

Blomhoff S, Haug TT, Hellström K, et al. Randomised controlled general practice trial of sertraline, exposure therapy and combined treatment in generalized social phobia. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;179:23-30. Abstract

Levitan MN, Chagas MH, Crippa JA, et al. Guidelines of the Brazilian Medical Association for the treatment of social anxiety disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2011;33(3):292-302. Abstract

1.24 Treatment: Pharmacologic + Modality Combinations

Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Korte KJ, Smits JA. Is it beneficial to add pharmacotherapy to cognitive-behavioral therapy when treating anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic review. Int J Cogn Ther. 2009;2(2):160-175. Article

Combination Studies in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Korte KJ, Smits JA. Is it beneficial to add pharmacotherapy to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy when treating anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic review. Int J Cogn Ther. 2009;2(2):160-75. Article

Combination Studies in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Andrade C. Ondansetron augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a treatment strategy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(1):e72-5. Abstract

Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, Koole SL, et al. Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(1):56-67. Article

Ipser JC, Carey P, Dhansay Y, et al. Pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD005473. Abstract

Ori R, Amos T, Bergman H, et al. Augmentation of cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBT) with d-cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(5):CD007803. Abstract

Weiss EL, Potenza MN, McDougle CJ, Epperson CN. Olanzapine addition in obsessive-compulsive disorder refractory to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: an open-label case series. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60(8):524-7. Abstract

Combination Studies in Panic Disorder

Bentz D, Michael T, de Quervain DJ, Wilhelm FH. Enhancing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders with glucocorticoids: from basic mechanisms of emotional learning to clinical applications. J Anxiety Disord. 2010;24(2):223-30. Abstract

Biondi M, Picardi A. Increased probability of remaining in remission from panic disorder with agoraphobia after drug treatment in patients who received concurrent cognitive-behavioral therapy: a follow-up study. Psychother Psychosom. 2003;72(1):34-42. Abstract

Cuijpers P, Sijbrandij M, Koole SL, et al. Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(1):56-67. Article

Furukawa TA, Watanabe N, Churchill R. Combined psychotherapy plus antidepressants for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD004364. Abstract

Marks IM, Gray S, Cohen D, et al. Imipramine and brief therapists-aided exposure in agoraphobics having self-exposure homework. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40(2):153-62. Abstract

Mavissakalian M. Sequential combination of imipramine and self-directed exposure in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990;51(5):184-8. Abstract

Norberg MM, Krystal JH, Tolin DF. A meta-analysis of D-cycloserine and the facilitation of fear extinction and exposure therapy. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63(12):1118-26. Abstract

Oei TP, Llamas M, Evans L. Does concurrent drug intake affect the long-term outcome of group cognitive behavior therapy in panic disorder with or without agoraphobia? Behav Res Ther. 1997;35(9):851-7. Abstact

Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(3):290-8. Article

van Apeldoorn FJ, Stant AD, van Hout WJ, et al. Cost-effectiveness of CBT, SSRI, and CBT+SSRI in the treatment for panic disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;129(4):286-95. Abstract

Combination Studies in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Bartzokis G, Lu PH, Turner J, et al. Adjunctive risperidone in the treatment of chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(5):474-9. Abstract

Combination Studies in Social Anxiety Disorder

Mavissakalian M. Sequential combination of imipramine and self-directed exposure in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990;51(5):184-8. Abstract

Mavissakalian M, Michelson L. Agoraphobia: relative and combined effectiveness of therapist-assisted in vivo exposure and imipramine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1986;47(3):117-22. Abstract

Nordahl HM, Vogel PA, Morken G, et al. Paroxetine, cognitive therapy or their combination in the treatment of social anxiety disorder with and without avoidant personality disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2016;85(6):346-56. Abstract

Seedat S, Stein MB. Double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of combined clonazepam with paroxetine compared with paroxetine monotherapy for generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(2):244-8. Abstract

Combination Studies in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

1.25 Anxiety by Subpopulation

Armed Services / Veterans

Barrera TL, Cully JA, Amspoker AB, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety: Similarities and differences between Veteran and community participants. J Anxiety Disord. 2015;33:72-80. Abstract

Betthauser K, Pilz J, Vollmer LE. Use and effects of cannabinoids in military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2015;72(15):1279-84. Abstract

Bracha HS. Human brain evolution and the “Neuroevolutionary Time-depth Principle:” Implications for the Reclassification of fear-circuitry-related traits in DSM-V and for studying resilience to warzone-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006;30(5):827-53. Abstract

Bonn-Miller MO, Vujanovic AA, Drescher KD. Cannabis use among military veterans after residential treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Addict Behav. 2011;25(3):485-91. Link

Crowson JJ, Frueh BC, Beidel DC, Turner SM. Self-reported symptoms of social anxiety in a sample of combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 1998;12(6):605-12. Abstract

Fanning JR, Pietrzak RH. Suicidality among older male veterans in the United States: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47(11):1766-75. Abstract

Isaacs K, Mota NP, Tsai J, et al. Psychological resilience in U.S. military veterans: A 2-year, nationally representative prospective cohort study. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;84:301-309. Abstract

Mancino MJ, Pyne JM, Tripathi S, et al. Quality-adjusted health status in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2006;194(11):877-9. Abstract

Orsillo SM, Weathers FW, Litz BT, et al. Current and lifetime psychiatric disorders among veterans with war zone-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1996;184(5):307-13. Abstract

Pietrzak RH, Cook JM. Psychological resilience in older US veterans: results from the national health and resilience in veterans study. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(5):432-43. Abstract

Pietrzak RH, Russo AR, Ling Q, Southwick SM. Suicidal ideation in treatment-seeking Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: the role of coping strategies, resilience, and social support. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(6):720-6. Abstract

Puetz TW, Youngstedt SD, Herring MP. Effects of pharmacotherapy on combat-related PTSD, anxiety, and depression: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126529. Abstract

Rauch SA, Favorite T, Giardino N, et al. Relationship between anxiety, depression, and health satisfaction among veterans with PTSD. J Affect Disord. 2010;121(1-2):165-8. Abstract

Sareen J, Henriksen CA, Bolton SL, et al. Adverse childhood experiences in relation to mood and anxiety disorders in a population-based sample of active military personnel. Psychol Med. 2013;43(1):73-84. Abstract

Stevelink SA, Malcolm EM, Mason C, et al. The prevalence of mental health disorders in (ex-)military personnel with a physical impairment: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med. 2015;72(4):243-51. Article

Wisco BE, Marx BP, Miller MW, et al. Probable posttraumatic stress disorder in the US veteran population according to DSM-5: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(11):1503-1510. Abstract

Wisco BE, Marx BP, Wolf EJ, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the US veteran population: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014;75(12):1338-46. Abstract

Zaslav MR. Psychology of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse: lessons from combat veterans. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1994;26(4):393-400. Abstract

Addiction / Non-Medical Substance Use

Hasin D, Kilcoyne B. Comorbidity of psychiatric and substance use disorders in the United States: current issues and findings from the NESARC. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(3):165-71. Abstract

Kozarić-Kovacić D. Pharmacotherapy treatment of PTSD and comorbid disorders. Psychiatr Danub. 2009;21(3):411-4. Article

McHugh RK. Treatment of co-occurring anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015;23(2):99-111. Article

Reynolds M, Mezey G, Chapman M, et al. Co-morbid post-traumatic stress disorder in a substance misusing clinical population. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005;77(3):251-8. Abstract

Ruglass LM, Lopez-Castro T, Cheref S, et al. At the crossroads: the intersection of substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014;16(11):505. Abstract

Sareen J, Chartier M, Paulus MP, Stein MB. Illicit drug use and anxiety disorders: findings from two community surveys. Psychiatry Res. 2006;142(1):11-7. Abstract

Shorter D, Hsieh J, Kosten TR. Pharmacologic management of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and addictions. Am J Addict. 2015;24(8):705-12. Abstract

Sofuoglu M, Rosenheck R, Petrakis I. Pharmacological treatment of comorbid PTSD and substance use disorder: recent progress. Addict Behav. 2014;39(2):428-33. Article

Tolliver BK, Anton RF. Assessment and treatment of mood disorders in the context of substance abuse. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(2):181-90. Article

Alcohol

Buckner JD, Timpano KR, Zvolensky MJ, et al. Implications of comorbid alcohol dependence among individuals with social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(12):1028-37. Article

Gilpin NW, Herman MA, Roberto M. The central amygdala as an integrative hub for anxiety and alcohol use disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77(10):859-69. Abstract

Hasin DS, Grant BF. The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015;50(11):1609-40. Article

Heilig M, Egli M, Crabbe JC, Becker HC. Acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence and negative affect in alcoholism: are they linked? Addict Biol. 2010;15(2):169-84. Article

Ipser JC, Wilson D, Akindipe TO, et al. Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1:CD007505. Abstract

Keyes KM, Hatzenbuehler ML, Hasin DS. Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011;218(1):1-17. Article

Klimkiewicz A, Klimkiewicz J, Jakubczyk A, et al. Comorbidity of alcohol dependence with other psychiatric disorders. Part I. Epidemiology of dual diagnosis. Psychiatr Pol. 2015;49(2):265-75. Abstract

Klimkiewicz A, Klimkiewicz J, Jakubczyk A, et al. Comorbidity of alcohol dependence with other psychiatric disorders. Part II. Pathogenesis and treatment. Psychiatr Pol. 2015;49(2):277-94. Abstract

Moonat S, Pandey SC. Stress, epigenetics, and alcoholism. Alcohol Res. 2012;34(4):495-505. Abstract

Olthuis JV, Watt MC, Mackinnon SP, Stewart SH. CBT for high anxiety sensitivity: alcohol outcomes. Addict Behav. 2015;46:19-24. Abstract

Petrakis IL, Ralevski E, Desai N, et al. Noradrenergic vs serotonergic antidepressant with or without naltrexone for veterans with PTSD and comorbid alcohol dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37(4):996-1004. Article

Petrakis IL, Poling J, Levinson C. Naltrexone and disulfiram in patients with alcohol dependence and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60(7):777-83. Abstract

Rasmussen DD, Kincaid CL, Froehlich JC. Prazosin prevents increased anxiety behavior that occurs in response to stress during alcohol deprivations. Alcohol Alcohol. 2017;52(1):5-11. Abstract

Schneier FR, Foose TE, Hasin DS, et al. Social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorder co-morbidity in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2010;40(6):977-88. Article

Behavioral Addictions

Cannabis – See Cannabinoids and Mental Health

Guillem E, Arbabzadeh-Bouchez S, Vorspan F, Bellivier F. Comorbidity in 207 cannabis users in a specific outpatient setting. Encephale. 2015;41 Suppl 1:S7-12. Abstract

Nicotine

Ditre JW, Langdon KJ, Kosiba JD, et al. Relations between pain-related anxiety, tobacco dependence, and barriers to quitting among a community-based sample of daily smokers. Addict Behav. 2015;42:130-5. Article

Ditre JW, Zale EL, Kosiba JD, Zvolensky MJ. A pilot study of pain-related anxiety and smoking-dependence motives among persons with chronic pain. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;21(6):443-9. Abstract

Feldner MT, Babson KA, Zvolensky MJ, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and smoking to reduce negative affect: an investigation of trauma-exposed daily smokers. Addict Behav. 2007;32(2):214-27. Abstract

Gonzalez A, Zvolensky MJ, Vujanovic AA, et al. An evaluation of anxiety sensitivity, emotional dysregulation, and negative affectivity among daily cigarette smokers: relation to smoking motives and barriers to quitting. J Psychiatr Res. 2008;43(2):138-47. Abstract

Gregor KL, Zvolensky MJ, McLeish AC, et al. Anxiety sensitivity and perceived control over anxiety-related events: associations with smoking outcome expectancies and perceived cessation barriers among daily smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(4):627-35. Abstract

Leyro TM, Zvolensky MJ, Vujanovic AA, Bernstein A. Anxiety sensitivity and smoking motives and outcome expectancies among adult daily smokers: replication and extension. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(6):985-94. Article

Zale EL, Maisto SA, Ditre JW. Anxiety and depression in bidirectional relations between pain and smoking: implications for smoking cessation. Behav Modif. 2016;40(1-2):7-28. Article

Zvolensky MJ, Farris SG, Leventhal AM, et al. Emotional disorders and smoking: relations to quit attempts and cessation strategies among treatment-seeking smokers. Addict Behav. 2015;40:126-31. Abstract

Zvolensky MJ, Farris SG, Leventhal AM, Schmidt NB. Anxiety sensitivity mediates relations between emotional disorders and smoking. Psychol Addict Behav. 2014;28(3):912-20. Article

Opioids

Colasanti A, Rabiner EA, Lingford-Hughes A, Nutt DJ. Opioids and anxiety. J Psychopharmacol. 2011;25(11):1415-33. Abstract

Hien DA, Nunes E, Levin FR, Fraser D. Posttraumatic stress disorder and short-term outcome in early methadone treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2000;19(1):31-7. Abstract

Mills KL, Lynskey M, Teesson M, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder among people with heroin dependence in the Australian treatment outcome study (ATOS): prevalence and correlates. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005;77(3):243-9. Abstract

Trafton JA, Minkel J, Humphreys K. Opioid substitution treatment reduces substance use equivalently in patients with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. J Stud Alcohol. 2006;67(2):228-35. Abstract

Stimulants

Cocaine

Cancer

Bradt J, Dileo C, Magill L, Teague A. Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD006911. Abstract

Sheard T, Maguire P. The effect of psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in cancer patients: results of two meta-analyses. Br J Cancer. 1999;80(11):1770-80. Abstract

Cardiovascular Disease

Bradt J, Dileo C, Potvin N. Music for stress and anxiety reduction in coronary heart disease patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(12):CD006577. Abstract

Bunevicius A, Staniute M, Brozaitiene J, et al. Screening for anxiety disorders in patients with coronary artery disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11:37. Article

Cohen BE, Edmondson D, Kronish IM. State of the art review: depression, stress, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(11):1295-302. Article

Janeway D. An integrated approach to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety within the practice of cardiology. Cardiol Rev. 2009;17(1):36-43. Abstract

Shen BJ, Avivi YE, Todaro JF, et al. Anxiety characteristics independently and prospectively predict myocardial infarction in men the unique contribution of anxiety among psychologic factors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(2):113-9. Abstract

Shibeshi WA, Young-Xu Y, Blatt CM. Anxiety worsens prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007;49:2021-7. Abstract

Care Facilities

Emergency Department

Hospital

Long-Term Care Facilities

Cognitive Dysfunction

Criminal Justice

Elderly

Barton S, Karner C, Salih F, et al. Clinical effectiveness of interventions for treatment-resistant anxiety in older people: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 2014;18(50):1-59, v-vi. Article

Beattie E, Pachana NA, Franklin SJ. Double jeopardy: comorbid anxiety and depression in late life. Res Gerontol Nurs. 2010;3(3):209-20. Abstract

Bourin M. Use of paroxetine for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in the elderly: a review. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003;18(3):185-90. Abstract

Cairney J, Corna LM, Veldhuizen S, et al. Comorbid depression and anxiety in later life: patterns of association, subjective well-being, and impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;16(3):201-8. Abstract

Goldstein MZ. Depression and anxiety in older women. Prim Care. 2002;29(1):69-80, vi. Abstract

Gould RL, Coulson MC, Howard RJ. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in older people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(2):218-29. Abstract

Hendriks GJ, Keijsers GP, Kampman M, et al. Treatment of anxiety disorders in the elderly. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2011;53(9):589-95. Abstract

Kastenschmidt EK, Kennedy GJ. Depression and anxiety in late life: diagnostic insights and therapeutic options. Mt Sinai J Med. 2011;78(4):527-45. Abstract

Koychev I, Ebmeier KP. Anxiety in older adults often goes undiagnosed. Practitioner. 2016;260(1789):17-20, 2-3. Abstract

Voyer P, Landreville P, Moisan J, et al. Insomnia, depression and anxiety disorders and their association with benzodiazepine drug use among the community-dwelling elderly: implications for mental health nursing. Int J Psychiatr Nurs Res. 2005;10(2):1093-116. Abstract

Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Castriotta N, Lenze EJ, et al. Anxiety disorders in older adults: a comprehensive review. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27(2):190-211. Abstract

Ethnicity

Asnaani A, Richey JA, Dimaite R, et al. A cross-ethnic comparison of lifetime prevalence rates of anxiety disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010;198(8):551-5. Article

Carter MM, Mitchell FE, Sbrocco T. Treating ethnic minority adults with anxiety disorders: current status and future recommendations. J Anxiety Disord. 2012;26(4):488-501. Atricle

Hofmann SG, Hinton DE. Cross-cultural aspects of anxiety disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014;16(6):450. Article

Hofmann SG, Anu Asnaani MA, Hinton DE. Cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27(12):1117-27. Article

African-American

Sibrava NJ, Beard C, Bjornsson AS, et al. Two-year course of generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder in a longitudinal sample of African American adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(6):1052-62. Article

Woodward AT, Taylor RJ, Bullard KM, et al. Prevalence of lifetime DSM-IV affective disorders among older African Americans, Black Caribbeans, Latinos, Asians and non-Hispanic White people. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;27(8):816-27. Article

Asian

Caucasian

Hispanic

Bjornsson AS, Sibrava NJ, Beard C, et al. Two-year course of generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder with agoraphobia in a sample of Latino adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014;82(6):1186-92. Article

Polo AJ, Alegría M, Chen CN, Blanco C. The prevalence and comorbidity of social anxiety disorder among United States Latinos: a retrospective analysis of data from 2 national surveys. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(8):1096-105. Article

Varela RE, Hensley-Maloney L. The influence of culture on anxiety in Latino youth: a review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2009;12(3):217-33. Abstract

Native American

Kisely S, Alichniewicz KK, Black EB, et al. The prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in indigenous people of the Americas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;84:137-152. Abstract

Pacific Island

GI Disease

Guz H, Sunter AT, Bektas A, Doganay Z. The frequency of the psychiatric symptoms in the patients with dyspepsia at a university hospital. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008;30(3):252-6. Abstract

GU Disease

Health Care Workers

Ruotsalainen JH, Verbeek JH, Mariné A, Serra C. Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(4):CD002892. Abstract

Silva-Junior JS. Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers. Sao Paulo Med J. 2016;134(1):92. Abstract

Hepatic Disease

HIV / AIDS

Clucas C, Sibley E, Harding R, et al. A systematic review of interventions for anxiety in people with HIV. Psychol Health Med. 2011;16(5):528-47. Abstract

Miller AK, Lee BL, Henderson CE. Death anxiety in persons with HIV / AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Death Stud. 2012;36(7):640-63. Abstract

Owe-Larsson B, Säll L, Salamon E, Allgulander C. HIV infection and psychiatric illness. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 2009;12(2):115-28. Abstract

Spies G, Asmal L, Seedat S. Cognitive-behavioral interventions for mood and anxiety disorders in HIV: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2013;150(2):171-80. Abstract

LGBT

Eldahan AI, Pachankis JE, Jonathon Rendina H, et al. Daily minority stress and affect among gay and bisexual men: A 30-day diary study. J Affect Disord. 2016;190:828-35. Article

McConnell EA, Birkett MA, Mustanski B. Typologies of social support and associations with mental health outcomes among LGBT youth. LGBT Health. 2015;2(1):55-61. Article

Pachankis JE, Hatzenbuehler ML, Rendina HJ, et al. LGB-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adult gay and bisexual men: A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic minority stress approach. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2015;83(5):875-89. Article

Yarns BC, Abrams JM, Meeks TW, Sewell DD. The mental health of older LGBT adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016;18(6):60. Abstract

Men

Grubbs KM, Cheney AM, Fortney JC, et al. The role of gender in moderating treatment outcome in collaborative care for anxiety. Psychiatr Serv. 2015;66(3):265-71. Abstract

Vesga-López O, Schneier FR, Wang S, et al. Gender differences in generalized anxiety disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(10):1606-16. Article

Xu Y, Schneier F, Heimberg RG, et al. Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: results from the national epidemiologic sample on alcohol and related conditions. J Anxiety Disord. 2012;26(1):12-9. Abstract

Neurologic Disease

Dementia

Multiple Sclerosis

Fiest KM, Walker JR, Bernstein CN, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for depression and anxiety in persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016;5:12-26. Abstract

Stroke

Campbell Burton CA, Holmes J, Murray J, et al. Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(12):CD008860. Abstract

TBI

Luauté J, Hamonet J, Pradat-Diehl P, SOFMER. Behavioral and affective disorders after brain injury: French guidelines for prevention and community supports. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2016;59(1):68-73. Abstract

Plantier D, Luauté J, SOFMER group. Drugs for behavior disorders after traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and expert consensus leading to French recommendations for good practice. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2016;59(1):42-57. Abstract

Drake A, Gentry T, Jagoda A, et al. Guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23(10):1468-501. Neurobehavioral Guidelines Working Group Abstract

Pain

Roy-Byrne P, Sullivan MD, Sherbourne CD, et al. Effects of pain and prescription opioid use on outcomes in a collaborative care intervention for anxiety. Clin J Pain. 2013;29(9):800-6. Article

Palliative Care – End of Life

Candy B, Jackson KC, Jones L, et al. Drug therapy for symptoms associated with anxiety in adult palliative care patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10:CD004596. Abstract

Dharmawardene M, Givens J, Wachholtz A, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of meditative interventions for informal caregivers and health professionals. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2016;6(2):160-9. Abstract

Hadfield N. The role of aromatherapy massage in reducing anxiety in patients with malignant brain tumors. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2001;7(6):279-85. Abstract

Nübling G, Allmendinger S, Lorenzl S. Drug therapy of anxiety and fear in palliative care patients with cancer or other illnesses : a systematic review, Schmerz. 2012;26(5):537-49. Abstract

Pediatric

Comer JS, Olfson M, Mojtabai R. National trends in child and adolescent psychotropic polypharmacy in office-based practice, 1996-2007. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;49(10):1001-10. Article

Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H. Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:113. Article

Ipser JC, Stein DJ, Hawkridge S, Hoppe L. Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):CD005170. Abstract

Ipser JC, Carey P, Dhansay Y, et al. Pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD005473. Abstract

James AC, James G, Cowdrey FA, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD004690. Abstract

Kaiser P. Childhood anxiety and psychophysiological reactivity: hypnosis to build discrimination and self-regulation skills. Am J Clin Hypn. 2014;56(4):343-67. Abstract

Maia CR, Rohde LA. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007;29(1):72-9. Abstract

Sonuga-Barke EJ, Cortese S, Fairchild G, Stringaris A. Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders–differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016;57(3):321-49. Article

Strawn JR, Welge JA, Wehry AM, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants in pediatric anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2015;32(3):149-57. Abstract

Strawn JR, Sakolsky DJ, Rynn MA. Psychopharmacologic treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2012;21(3):527-39. Abstract

Thrane S, Effectiveness of integrative modalities for pain and anxiety in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2013;30(6):320-32. Article

Velosa JF, Riddle MA. Pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2000;9(1):119-33. Abstract

Zhang Y, Zhou X, James AC, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for acute anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: study protocol for a network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015;5(10):e008572. Article

Psychiatric Comorbidities

Smolders M, Laurant M, van Rijswijk E, et al. The impact of co-morbidity on GPs’ pharmacological treatment decisions for patients with an anxiety disorder. Fam Pract. 2007;24(6):538-46. Abstract

Axis II

Antisocial

Goodwin RD, Hamilton SP. Lifetime comorbidity of antisocial personality disorder and anxiety disorders among adults in the community. Psychiatry Res. 2003;117(2):159-66. Abstract

Sareen J, Stein MB, Cox BJ, Hassard ST. Understanding comorbidity of anxiety disorders with antisocial behavior: findings from two large community surveys. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2004;192(3):178-86. Abstract

BPD

Machado Vieira R, Gauer GJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder and bipolar mood disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2003;25 Suppl 1:55-61. Abstract

Otto MW, Perlman CA, Wernicke R, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with bipolar disorder: a review of prevalence, correlates, and treatment strategies. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6(6):470-9. Abstract

Rakofsky JJ, Dunlop BW. Treating nonspecific anxiety and anxiety disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(1):81-90. Abstract

Depression

Fava GA, Ruini C, Rafanelli C. Sequential treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(11):1392-400. Abstract

Goodwin GM. The overlap between anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):249-60. Abstract

Hanel G, Henningsen P, Herzog W, et al. Depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders: vague or distinct categories in primary care? Results from a large cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Res. 2009;67(3):189-97. Abstract

Hettema JM, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. The effects of anxiety, substance use and conduct disorders on risk of major depressive disorder. Psychol Med. 2003;33(8):1423-32. Abstact

Ionescu DF, Niciu MJ, Henter ID, Zarate CA. Defining anxious depression: a review of the literature. CNS Spectr. 2013;18(5):252-60. Article

Kozarić-Kovacić D. Pharmacotherapy treatment of PTSD and comorbid disorders. Psychiatr Danub. 2009;21(3):411-4. Article

Löwe B, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, et al. Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: syndrome overlap and functional impairment. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008;30(3):191-9. Abstract

Means-Christensen AJ, Sherbourne CD, Roy-Byrne PP, et al. In search of mixed anxiety-depressive disorder: a primary care study. Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(4):183-9. Abstract

Möller HJ, Bandelow B, Volz HP, et al. The relevance of ‘mixed anxiety and depression’ as a diagnostic category in clinical practice. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2016;266(8):725-36. Article

Newby JM, Twomey C, Yuan Li SS, Andrews G. Transdiagnostic computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016;199:30-41. Abstract

Newby JM, McKinnon A, Kuyken W, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of transdiagnostic psychological treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in adulthood. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015;40:91-110. Article

Spijker J, Batelaan N, de Graaf R, Cuijpers P. Who is MADD? Mixed anxiety depressive disorder in the general population. J Affect Disord. 2010;121(1-2):180-3. Abstract

Psychosis

Baylé FJ, Blanc O, De Chazeron I, et al. Pharmacological management of anxiety in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Encephale. 2011;37 Suppl 1:S83-9. Abstract

Kozarić-Kovacić D. Pharmacotherapy treatment of PTSD and comorbid disorders. Psychiatr Danub. 2009;21(3):411-4. Article

Trauma

Cortez P, Dumas T, Joyce J, et al. Survivor voices: co-learning, re-connection, and healing through community action research and engagement (CARE). Prog Community Health Partnersh. 2011;5(2):133-42. Abstract

Pulmonary Disease

Brenes GA. Anxiety and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence, impact, and treatment. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(6):963-70. Abstract

Hill K, Geist R, Goldstein RS, Lacasse Y. Anxiety and depression in end-stage COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(3):667-77. Abstract

Janssen DJ, Spruit MA, Leue C, et al. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in COPD patients entering pulmonary rehabilitation. Chron Respir Dis. 2010;7(3):147-57. Abstract

Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2008;38(3):385-96. Abstract

Usmani ZA, Carson KV, Heslop K, et al. Psychological therapies for the treatment of anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD010673. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract

Usmani ZA, Carson KV, Cheng JN, et al. Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(11):CD008483. Abstract

Renal Disease

Sleep Disorders

Insomnia

Surgery

Bradt J, Dileo C, Shim M. Music interventions for preoperative anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(6):CD006908. Abstract

Women

Grubbs KM, Cheney AM, Fortney JC, et al. The role of gender in moderating treatment outcome in collaborative care for anxiety. Psychiatr Serv. 2015;66(3):265-71. Abstract

Perinatal

[No authors listed] SSRI antidepressants and birth defects. Prescrire Int. 2006;15(86):222-3. Abstract

Austin MP, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Priest SR, et al. Depressive and anxiety disorders in the postpartum period: how prevalent are they and can we improve their detection? Arch Womens Ment Health. 2010;13(5):395-401. Abstract

Bérard A, Iessa N, Chaabane S, et al. The risk of major cardiac malformations associated with paroxetine use during the first trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81(4):589-604. Article

Biaggi A, Conroy S, Pawlby S, Pariante CM. Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2016;191:62-77. Abstract

Dayan J, Yoshida K. Psychological and pharmacological treatments of mood and anxiety disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. Review and synthesis. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2007;36(6):530-48. Abstract

Grigoriadis S, de Camps Meschino D, Barrons E, et al. Mood and anxiety disorders in a sample of Canadian perinatal women referred for psychiatric care. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2011;14(4):325-33. Abstract

Marc I, Toureche N, Ernst E, et al. Mind-body interventions during pregnancy for preventing or treating women’s anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD007559. Abstract

Marchesi C, Ossola P, Amerio A, et al. Clinical management of perinatal anxiety disorders: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2016;190:543-50. Abstract

Petrozzi A, Gagliardi L. Anxious and depressive components of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in maternal postpartum psychological problems. J Perinat Med. 2013;41(4):343-8. Abstract

Ross LE, McLean LM. Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1285-98. Abstract

Shlomi Polachek I, Huller Harari L, Baum M, Strous RD. Postpartum anxiety in a cohort of women from the general population: risk factors and association with depression during last week of pregnancy, postpartum depression and postpartum PTSD. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2014;51(2):128-34. Abstract

van der Veldt M, Lok P, Pop-Purceleanu M, et al. Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2015;57(6):415-23. Abstract

Nursing

1.26 Research Issues

Barry KJ. Collective inquiry: understanding the essence of best practice construction in mental health. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2007;14(6):558-65. Abstract

Stewart AM, Nguyen M, Poudel MK, et al. The failure of anxiolytic therapies in early clinical trials: what needs to be done. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2015;24(4):543-56. Abstract

1.1 Reviews

1.2 Animal Studies

1.3 History

1.4 Terminology

1.5 Perspectives

1.6 Medical Provider Quality of Care

1.7 Epidemiology

1.8 Socioeconomics

1.9 Pathophysiology

1.10 Etiology

1.11 Prevention

1.12 Symptoms / Signs

1.13 Screening

1.14 Diagnosis

1.15 Assessment

1.16 Treatment

1.17 Treatment: Modalities

1.18 Treatment: Modality Combinations

1.19 Treatment: Modality v Modality Comparisons

1.20 Treatment: Pharmacologic

1.21 Treatment: Pharmacologic Combinations

1.22 Treatment: Pharmacologic v Pharmacologic Comparisons

1.23 Treatment: Pharmacologic v Modality Comparisons

1.24 Treatment: Pharmacologic + Modality Combinations

1.25 Anxiety by Subpopulation

1.26 Research Issues

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