[No authors listed] NIH State-of-the-Science Conference Statement on manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults. NIH Consens State Sci Statements. 2005;22(2):1-30. Abstract Link

[No authors listed] Sleep complaints: Whenever possible, avoid the use of sleeping pills. Prescrire Int. 2008;17(97):206-12. Abstract

Ashton H. Guidelines for the rational use of benzodiazepines. When and what to use. Drugs.1994;48(1):25-40. Abstract

Buysse DJ. Insomnia. JAMA. 2013;309(7):706-16. Article

Ioachimescu OC, El-Solh AA. Pharmacotherapy of insomnia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012;13(9):1243-60. Abstract

Moloney ME, Konrad TR, Zimmer CR. The medicalization of sleeplessness: a public health concern. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(8):1429-33. Abstract

Passarella S, Duong MT. Diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(10):927-34. Abstract

Roth T, Krystal AD, Lieberman JA. Long-term issues in the treatment of sleep disorders. CNS Spectr. 2007;12(7 Suppl 10):1-14. Abstract

Guidelines

American College of Physicians 2016 Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults

Morgenthaler TI, Lee-Chiong T, Alessi C, et al. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the clinical evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Sleep. 2007;30(11):1445-59. Article

Benzodiazepine guide Pennsylvania 2016 Safe Prescribing Benzodiazepines for Anxiety and Insomnia

Howell D, Oliver TK, Keller-Olaman S, et al. A Pan-Canadian practice guideline: prevention, screening, assessment, and treatment of sleep disturbances in adults with cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21(10):2695-706. Abstract

Sateia MJ, Buysse DJ, Krystal AD, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(2):307-349. Abstract

Schutte-Rodin S, Broch L, Buysse D, et al. Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults.J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4(5):487-504. Article

Meta – Analyses

Reviews

Grunstein R. Insomnia. Diagnosis and management. Aust Fam Physician. 2002;31(11):995-1000. Abstract

Hilty D, Young JS, Bourgeois JA, et al. Algorithms for the assessment and management of insomnia in primary care. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2009;3:9-20. Article

Kraus SS, Rabin LA. Sleep America: managing the crisis of adult chronic insomnia and associated conditions. J Affect Disord. 2012;138(3):192-212. Abstract

Morin CM, Drake CL, Harvey AG, et al. Insomnia disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15026. Abstract

Pigeon WR. Diagnosis, prevalence, pathways, consequences & treatment of insomnia. Indian J Med Res. 2010;131:321-32. Article

Roth T, Franklin M, Bramley TJ. The state of insomnia and emerging trends. Am J Manag Care. 2007;13(5 Suppl):S117-20. Article

19.3 Terminology

Edinger JD, Krystal AD. Subtyping primary insomnia: is sleep state misperception a distinct clinical entity? Sleep Med Rev. 2003;7(3):203-14. Abstract

Krystal AD. The effect of insomnia definitions, terminology, and classifications on clinical practice. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(7 Suppl):S258-63. Abstract

19.4 Perspectives

Ethics

Bursztajn, HJ, Brodsky A. Ethical and legal dimensions of benzodiazepine prescription: a commentary. Psych Annals. 1998;28(3):121-8. Abstract

Government

Media

Patient

Pharmaceutical Company

Professional: Medical

Public

19.5 Epidemiology

Morin CM, Bélanger L, Bernier F. Correlates of benzodiazepine use in individuals with insomnia. Sleep Med. 2004;5(5):457-62. Abstract

Ohayon MM, Lemoine P. Sleep and insomnia markers in the general population. Encephale. 2004;30(2):135-40. Abstract

Ohayon MM, Lemoine P. A connection between insomnia and psychiatric disorders in the French general population. Encephale. 2002;28(5 Pt 1):420-8. Abstract

Sánchez-Cárdenas AG, Navarro-Gerrard C, Nellen-Hummel H, Halabe-Cherem J. Insomnia. A severe health care problem. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2016;54(6):760-769. Abstract

Sivertsen B, Nordhus IH, Bjorvatn B, Pallesen S. Sleep problems in general practice: a national survey of assessment and treatment routines of general practitioners in Norway. J Sleep Res. 2010;19(1, pt 1):36-41. Abstract

19.6 Socioeconomics

Chilcott LA, Shapiro CM. The socioeconomic impact of insomnia. An overview. Pharmacoeconomics. 1996;10 Suppl 1:1-14. Abstract

Daley M, Morin CM, LeBlanc M, et al. Insomnia and its relationship to health-care utilization, work absenteeism, productivity and accidents. Sleep Med. 2009;10(4):427-38. Abstract

Hossain JL, Shapiro CM. The prevalence, cost implications, and management of sleep disorders: an overview. Sleep Breath. 2002;6(2):85-102. Abstract

Léger D, Bayon V. Societal costs of insomnia. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14(6):379-89. Abstract

Metlaine A, Leger D, Choudat D. Socioeconomic impact of insomnia in working populations. Ind Health. 2005;43(1):11-9. Abstract

Skaer TL, Sclar DA. Economic implications of sleep disorders. Pharmacoeconomics. 2010;28(11):1015-23. Abstract

Stevens J. Behavioral economics strategies for promoting adherence to sleep interventions. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;23:20-7. Abstract

Walsh JK. Clinical and socioeconomic correlates of insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 8:13-9. Abstract

19.7 Etiology

Dollander M. Etiology of adult insomnia. Encephale. 2002;28(6 Pt 1):493-502. Abstract

Levenson JC, Kay DB, Buysse DJ. The pathophysiology of insomnia. Chest. 2015;147(4):1179-92. Article

Nunn CL, Samson DR, Krystal AD. Shining evolutionary light on human sleep and sleep disorders. Evol Med Public Health. 2016;2016(1):227-43. Article

Risk Factors of Disease

Initiating Factors

Roberts RE, Shema SJ, Kaplan GA. Prospective data on sleep complaints and associated risk factors in an older cohort. Psychosom Med. 1999;61(2):188-96. Abstract

Smagula SF, Stone KL, Fabio A, Cauley JA. Risk factors for sleep disturbances in older adults: evidence from prospective studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;25:21-30. Article

Disease Maintenance Factors

Anniss AM, Young A, O’Driscoll DM. Importance of urinary drug screening in the Multiple Sleep Latency Test and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(12):1633-1640. Abstract

Resiliency / Protective Factors

Initiating Factors

Disease Maintenance Factors

Genetics

Crocker A, Sehgal A. Genetic analysis of sleep. Genes Dev. 2010;24(12):1220-35. Article

Gehrman PR, Keenan BT, Byrne EM, Pack AI. Genetics of sleep disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2015;38(4):667-81. Abstract

Parish JM. Genetic and immunologic aspects of sleep and sleep disorders. Chest. 2013;143(5):1489-99. Abstract

Raizen DM, Wu MN. Genome-wide association studies of sleep disorders. Chest. 2011;139(2):446-52. Article

Wu TY, Chen CP, Jinn TR. Alzheimer’s disease: aging, insomnia and epigenetics. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;49(4):468-72. Abstract

Initiating Factors

Disease Maintenance Factors

Environment

[No authors listed] Energy drink consumption and its association with sleep problems among US service members on a combat deployment – Afghanistan, 2010. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(44):895-8. Article

Kenna HA, Poon AW, de los Angeles CP, Koran LM. Psychiatric complications of treatment with corticosteroids: review with case report. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011;65(6):549-60. Abstract

Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF, et al. A survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students. Nutr J. 2007;6:35. Article

Initiating Factors

Disease Maintenance Factors

Genetic v Environmental Factors

19.8 Symptoms / Signs

Ohayon MM, Zulley J. Correlates of global sleep dissatisfaction in the German population. Sleep. 2001;24(7):780-7. Abstract

19.9 Adverse Effects: General

Fernandez-Mendoza J, Vgontzas AN. Insomnia and its impact on physical and mental health. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(12):418. Article

Krystal AD. How the circadian rhythm affects sleep, wakefulness, and overall health: background for understanding shift work disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(2):e05. Abstract

Ohayon MM, Lemoine P. Daytime consequences of insomnia complaints in the French general population. Encephale. 2004;30(3):222-7. Abstract

Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Liao D, Bixler EO. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration: the most biologically severe phenotype of the disorder. Sleep Med Rev. 2013;17(4):241-54. Article

Ability

Leger D, Metlaine A, Choudat D. Insomnia and sleep disruption: relevance for athletic performance. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24(2):269-85, viii. Abstract

Coordination

Endurance

Energy

Enjoyment

Falls / Fractures / Injuries

Avidan AY, Fries BE, James ML, et al. Insomnia and hypnotic use, recorded in the minimum data set, as predictors of falls and hip fractures in Michigan nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(6):955-62. Article

Mortality

Kripke DF, Garfinkel L, Wingard DL, et al. Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(2):131-6. Abstract

Li Y, Zhang X, Winkelman JW, et al. Association between insomnia symptoms and mortality: a prospective study of US men. Circulation. 2014;129(7):737-46. Article

Lallukka T, Podlipskytė A, Sivertsen B, et al. Insomnia symptoms and mortality: a register-linked study among women and men from Finland, Norway and Lithuania. J Sleep Res. 2016;25(1):96-103. Abstract

Quality of Life

Sexual Function

Schenck CH, Arnulf I, Mahowald MW. Sleep and sex: what can go wrong? A review of the literature on sleep related disorders and abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences. Sleep. 2007;30(6):683-702. Article

19.10 Adverse Effects by Organ System

Dermatologic

Mostaghimi L, Obermeyer WH, Ballamudi B, et al. Effects of sleep deprivation on wound healing. J Sleep Res. 2005;14(3):213-9. Abstract

HEENT

Respiratory

Cardiovascular

Bathgate CJ, Edinger JD, Wyatt JK, Krystal AD. Objective but not subjective short sleep duration associated with increased risk for hypertension in individuals with insomnia. Sleep. 2016;39(5):1037-45. Article

Jackson CL, Redline S, Emmons KM. Sleep as a potential fundamental contributor to disparities in cardiovascular health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2015;36:417-40. Article

Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, et al. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep. 2009;32(4):491-7. Article

Westerlund A, Bellocco R, Sundström J, et al. Sleep characteristics and cardiovascular events in a large Swedish cohort. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(6):463-73. Abstract

Obstetric

Pediatric

Miano S, Peraita-Adrados R. Pediatric insomnia: clinical, diagnosis, and treatment. Rev Neurol. 2014;58(1):35-42. Abstract

Younus M, Labellarte MJ. Insomnia in children: when are hypnotics indicated? Paediatr Drugs. 2002;4(6):391-403. Abstract

Musculoskeletal: See Falls / Fractures / Injuries

Endocrine

Amihăesei IC, Mungiu OC. Main neuroendocrine features and therapy in primary sleep troubles. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2012;116(3):862-6. Abstract

Ganwisch JE. Epidemiological evidence for the links between sleep, circadian rhythms and metabolism. Obes Rev. 2009;10 Suppl 2:37-45. Article

Hallschmid M, Oster H, Schultes B, Schmid SM. On the detrimental metabolic impact of short, disturbed and erratic sleep. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2015;140(17):1278-83. Abstract

Nedeltcheva AV, Scheer FA. Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014;21(4):293-8. Article

Rodenbeck A, Cohrs S, Jordan W, et al. The sleep-improving effects of doxepin are paralleled by a normalized plasma cortisol secretion in primary insomnia. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study followed by an open treatment over 3 weeks. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003;170(4):423-8. Abstract

Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Schultes B. The metabolic burden of sleep loss. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(1):52-62. Abstract

Neurologic

Psychiatric

Suicidality

Liu X. Sleep and adolescent suicidal behavior. Sleep. 2004;27(7):1351-8. Abstract

McCall WV, Black CG. The link between suicide and insomnia: theoretical mechanisms. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(9):389. Article

Malik S, Kanwar A, Sim LA, et al. The association between sleep disturbances and suicidal behaviors in patients with psychiatric diagnoses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2014;3:18. Article

Nadorff MR, Nazem S, Fiske A. Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicide risk: duration of sleep disturbance matters. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2013;43(2):139-49. Article

Norra C, Richter N. Sleep disturbances and suicidality: relationships and clinical implications. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2013;81(10):561-9. Abstract

Pigeon WR, Pinquart M, Conner K. Meta-analysis of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(9):e1160-7. Abstract

Susánszky E, Hajnal A, Kopp M. Sleep disturbances and nightmares as risk factors for suicidal behavior among men and women. Psychiatr Hung. 2011;26(4):250-7. Abstract

Hematology

Immunologic

Oncologic

Teratogenic

19.11 Consequences: Executive Function

Acute

Acute Cognitive Effects

Acute Cognitive Effects: Memory

Acute Psychomotor Effects

Acute Psychomotor Effects: Driving

Chronic

Chronic Cognitive Effects

Fernandez-Mendoza J, Calhoun S, Bixler EO, et al. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with deficits in neuropsychological performance: a general population study. Sleep. 2010;33(4):459-65. Article

Fortier-Brochu E, Morin CM. Cognitive impairment in individuals with insomnia: clinical significance and correlates. Sleep. 2014;37(11):1787-98. Article

Medrano-Martínez P, Ramos-Platón MJ. Cognitive and emotional alterations in chronic insomnia. Rev Neurol. 2016;62(4):170-8. Abstract

Poe GR, Walsh CM, Bjorness TE. Cognitive neuroscience of sleep. Prog Brain Res. 2010;185:1-19. Article

Shekleton JA, Flynn-Evans EE, Miller B, et al. Neurobehavioral performance impairment in insomnia: relationships with self-reported sleep and daytime functioning. Sleep. 2014;37(1):107-16. Article

Ustinov Y, Lichstein KL, Wal GS, et al. Association between report of insomnia and daytime functioning. Sleep Med. 2010;11(1):65-8. Abstract

Chronic Cognitive Effects: Memory

Chronic Psychomotor Effects

Edinger JD, Means MK, Krystal AD. Does physiological hyperarousal enhance error rates among insomnia sufferers? Sleep. 2013;36(8):1179-86. Abstract

Edinger JD, Means MK, Carney CE, Krystal AD. Psychomotor performance deficits and their relation to prior nights’ sleep among individuals with primary insomnia. Sleep. 2008;31(5):599-607. Article

Chronic Psychomotor Effects: Driving

Drake C, Roehrs T, Breslau N, et al. The 10-year risk of verified motor vehicle crashes in relation to physiologic sleepiness. Sleep. 2010;33(6):745-52. Article

Mathis J, Schreier D. Daytime sleepiness and driving behavior. Ther Umsch. 2014;71(11):679-86. Abstract

Pandi-Perumal SR, Verster JC, Kayumov L, et al. Sleep disorders, sleepiness and traffic safety: a public health menace. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006;39(7):863-71. Article

Ward KL, Hillman DR, James A, et al. Excessive daytime sleepiness increases the risk of motor vehicle crash in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9(10):1013-21. Article

19.12 Screening

Krystal AD, Edinger JD. Measuring sleep quality. Sleep Med. 2008;9 Suppl 1:S10-7. Abstract

Voderholzer U, Al-Shajlawi A, Weske G, et al. Are there gender differences in objective and subjective sleep measures? A study of insomniacs and healthy controls. Depress Anxiety. 2003;17(3):162-72. Abstract

Zhang L, Zhao ZX. Objective and subjective measures for sleep disorders. Neurosci Bull. 2007;23(4):236-40. Abstract

Screening Tools

Nascimento-Ferreira MV, Collese TS, de Moraes AC, et al. Validity and reliability of sleep time questionnaires in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;30:85-96. Abstract

Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (GSAQ)

Roth T, Zammit G, Kushida C, et al. A new questionnaire to detect sleep disorders. Sleep Med. 2002;3(2):99-108. Abstract

Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ)

Tarrasch R, Laudon M, Zisapel N. Cross-cultural validation of the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire (LSEQ) in insomnia patients. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003;18(8):603-10. Abstract

Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9)

MacGregor KL, Funderburk JS, Pigeon W, Maisto SA. Evaluation of the PHQ-9 Item 3 as a screen for sleep disturbance in primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(3):339-44. Article

Sleep Diary

Carney CE, Buysse DJ, Ancoli-Israel S, et al. The consensus sleep diary: standardizing prospective sleep self-monitoring. Sleep. 2012;35(2):287-302. Article

Sleep Impact Scale (SIS)

Lasch K, Joish VN, Zhu Y, et al. Validation of the sleep impact scale in patients with major depressive disorder and insomnia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(7):1699-710. Abstract

STOP Bang

Abrishami A, Khajehdehi A, Chung F. A systematic review of screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnea. Can J Anaesth. 2010;57(5):423-38. Abstract

Nagappa M, Liao P, Wong J, et al. Validation of the STOP-Bang Questionnaire as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea among different populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0143697. Article

19.13 Diagnosis

Edinger JD, Krystal AD. Subtyping primary insomnia: is sleep state misperception a distinct clinical entity? Sleep Med Rev. 2003;7(3):203-14. Abstract

Krystal AD, Sorscher AJ. Recognizing and managing insomnia in primary care and specialty settings. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(4):e471. Webcast Link

Natale V, Léger D, Bayon V, et al. The consensus sleep diary: quantitative criteria for primary insomnia diagnosis. Psychosom Med. 2015;77(4):413-8. Abstract

Staner L, Cornette F, Maurice D, et al. Sleep microstructure around sleep onset differentiates major depressive insomnia from primary insomnia. J Sleep Res. 2003;12(4):319-30. Abstract

Actigraphy

Kolla BP, Mansukhani S, Mansukhani MP. Consumer sleep tracking devices: a review of mechanisms, validity and utility. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2016;13(5):497-506. Abstract

Meltzer LJ, Hiruma LS, Avis K, et al. Comparison of a commercial accelerometer with polysomnography and actigraphy in children and adolescents. Sleep. 2015;38(8):1323-30. Article

Meltzer LJ, Walsh CM, Traylor J, Westin AM. Direct comparison of two new actigraphs and polysomnography in children and adolescents. Sleep. 2012;35(1):159-66. Article

Montgomery-Downs HE, Insana SP, Bond JA. Movement toward a novel activity monitoring device. Sleep Breath. 2012;16(3):913-7. Abstract

Toon E, Davey MJ, Hollis SL, et al. Comparison of commercial wrist-based and smartphone accelerometers, actigraphy, and PSG in a clinical cohort of children and adolescents. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(3):343-50. Article

Polysomnography

Engstrøm M, Rugland E, Heier MS. Polysomnography (PSG) for studying sleep disorders. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2013;133(1):58-62. Abstract

Erman MK. Sleep architecture and its relationship to insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl 10:9-17. Abstract

19.14 Treatment

Brasure M, MacDonald R, Fuchs E, et al, eds. Management of Insomnia Disorder. Comparative Effectiveness Review #159. AHRQ. 2015; 15(16)-EHC027-EF. Document

Everitt H, McDermott L, Leydon G, Yules H, Baldwin D, Little P. GPs’ management strategies for patients with insomnia: a survey and qualitative interview study. Br J Gen Pract. 2014;64(619):e112-e119. Article

Kay-Stacey M, Attarian H. Advances in the management of chronic insomnia. BMJ. 2016;354:i2123. Abstract

Krystal AD. Treating the health, quality of life, and functional impairments in insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3(1):63-72. Abstract

Riemann D, Perlis ML. The treatments of chronic insomnia: a review of benzodiazepine receptor agonists and psychological and behavioral therapies. Sleep Med Rev. 2009;13(3):205-14. Abstract

Ringdahl EN, Pereira SL, Delzell JE. Treatment of primary insomnia. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2004;17(3):212-9. Article

Treatment Epidemiology

Under – Treatment

Over – Treatment

Treatment Barriers

Principles of Treatment

Treatment: Modalities

Mansel JK, Carey EC. Nonpharmacologic approach to sleep disorders. Cancer J. 2014;20(5):345-51. Abstract

Alternative / Complementary

Meeks TW, Wetherell JL, Irwin MR, et al. Complementary and alternative treatments for late-life depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance: a review of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(10):1461-71. Abstract

Sarris J, Byrne GJ. A systematic review of insomnia and complementary medicine. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15(2):99-106. Abstract

Brief Intervention: Sleep Hygiene

Blunden S, Rigney G. Lessons learned from sleep education in schools: a review of dos and don’ts. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015;11(6):671-80. Article

Blunden SL, Chapman J, Rigney GA. Are sleep education programs successful? The case for improved and consistent research efforts. Sleep Med Rev. 2012;16(4):355-70. Abstract

Kira G, Maddison R, Hull M, et al. Sleep education improves the sleep duration of adolescents: a randomized controlled pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014;10(7):787-92. Article

Onen SH, Onen F, Bailly D, Parquet P. Prevention and treatment of sleep disorders through regulation of sleeping habits. Presse Med. 1994;23(10):485-9. Abstract

Diet / Weight Management / Nutrition

Chaput JP. Sleep patterns, diet quality and energy balance. Physiol Behav. 2014;134:86-91. Abstract

Cauffield JS, Forbes HJ. Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1999;3(3):290-304. Abstract

Cheng FW, Li Y, Winkelman JW, et al. Probable insomnia is associated with future total energy intake and diet quality in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(2):462-9. Abstract

Depner CM, Stothard ER, Wright KP. Metabolic consequences of sleep and circadian disorders. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(7):507. Article

Lin S-C, Sun C-A, You S-L, et al.The link of self-reported insomnia symptoms and sleep duration with metabolic syndrome: a Chinese population-based study. Sleep. 2016;39(6):1261-6. Article

Peuhkuri K, Sihvola N, Korpela R. Diet promotes sleep duration and quality. Nutr Res. 2012;32(5):309-19. Abstract

Faith-Based

Mind-Body Therapies

Kozasa EH, Hachul H, Monson C, et al. Mind-body interventions for the treatment of insomnia: a review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2010;32(4):437-43. Abstract

Biofeedback

Hypnosis

Becker PM. Hypnosis in the management of sleep disorders. Sleep Med Clin. 2015;10(1):85-92. Abstract

Graci GM, Hardie JC. Evidenced-based hypnotherapy for the management of sleep disorders. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2007;55(3):288-302. Abstract

Lam TH, Chung KF, Yeung WF, et al. Hypnotherapy for insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(5):719-32. Abstract

Ng BY, Lee TS. Hypnotherapy for sleep disorders. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2008;37(8):683-8. Article

Imagery

Lu M, Wagner A, Van Male L, et al. Imagery rehearsal therapy for posttraumatic nightmares in US veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2009;22(3):236-9. Abstract

Nappi CM, Drummond SP, Thorp SR, McQuaid JR. Effectiveness of imagery rehearsal therapy for the treatment of combat-related nightmares in veterans. Behav Ther. 2010;41(2):237-44. Abstract

Meditative Movement

Du S, Dong J, Zhang H, et al. Taichi exercise for self-rated sleep quality in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(1):368-79. Abstract

Li F, Fisher KJ, Harmer P, et al. Tai chi and self-rated quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(6):892-900. Abstract

Rogers CE, Larkey LK, Keller C. A review of clinical trials of tai chi and qigong in older adults. West J Nurs Res. 2009;31(2):245-79. Article

Meditation

Britton WB, Lindahl JR, Cahn BR, et al. Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014;1307:64-81. Abstract

Mindfulness Meditation

Carlson LE, Garland SN. Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12(4):278-85. Abstract

Fjorback LO. Mindfulness and bodily distress. Dan Med J. 2012;59(11):B4547. Abstract

Ong JC, Ulmer CS, Manber R. Improving sleep with mindfulness and acceptance: a metacognitive model of insomnia. Behav Res Ther. 2012;50(11):651-60. Article

Winbush NY, Gross CR, Kreitzer MJ. The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on sleep disturbance: a systematic review. Explore (NY). 2007;3(6):585-91. Abstract

Music

de Niet G, Tiemens B, Lendemeijer B, Hutschemaekers G. Music-assisted relaxation to improve sleep quality: meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(7):1356-64. Abstract

Harmat L, Takács J, Bódizs R. Music improves sleep quality in students. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(3):327-35. Abstract

Jespersen KV, Koenig J, Jennum P, Vuust P. Music for insomnia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(8):CD010459. Abstract

Lai HL, Good M. Music improves sleep quality in older adults. J Adv Nurs. 2005;49(3):234-44. Abstract

Relaxation

[No authors listed] Integration of behavioral and relaxation approaches into the treatment of chronic pain and insomnia. NIH Technology Assessment Panel on Integration of Behavioral and Relaxation Approaches into the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Insomnia. JAMA. 1996;276(4):313-8. Abstract

de Niet G, Tiemens B, Lendemeijer B, Hutschemaekers G. Music-assisted relaxation to improve sleep quality: meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(7):1356-64. Abstract

Jacobs GD. Clinical applications of the relaxation response and mind-body interventions. J Altern Complement Med. 2001;7 Suppl 1:S93-101. Abstract

Murray LL, Kim HY. A review of select alternative treatment approaches for acquired neurogenic disorders: relaxation therapy and acupuncture. Semin Speech Lang. 2004;25(2):133-49. Abstract

Mutual Help Programs

Psychotherapeutic Modalities

Lamberg L. Despite effectiveness, behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia still underused. JAMA. 2008;300(21):2474-5. Link

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Daly-Eichenhardt A, Scott W, Howard-Jones M, et al. Changes in sleep problems and psychological flexibility following interdisciplinary Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain: an observational cohort ctudy. Front Psychol. 2016;7:1326. Article

Kallestad H, Jacobsen HB, Landrø NI, et al. The role of insomnia in the treatment of chronic fatigue. J Psychosom Res. 2015;78(5):427-32. Abstract

Lang AJ, Schnurr PP, Jain S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for distress and impairment in OEF / OIF / OND veterans. Psychol Trauma. 2016 Jun 20. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract

McCracken LM, Williams JL, Tang NK. Psychological flexibility may reduce insomnia in persons with chronic pain: a preliminary retrospective study. Pain Med. 2011;12(6):904-12. Abstract

Ong JC, Ulmer CS, Manber R. Improving sleep with mindfulness and acceptance: a metacognitive model of insomnia. Behav Res Ther. 2012;50(11):651-60. Article

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)

Ashworth DK, Sletten TL, Junge M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: an effective treatment for comorbid insomnia and depression. J Couns Psychol. 2015;62(2):115-23. Abstract

Babson KA, Feldner MT, Badour CL. Cognitive behavioral therapy for sleep disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2010;33(3):629-40. Abstract

Bathgate CJ, Edinger JD, Krystal AD. Insomnia patients with objective short sleep duration have a blunted response to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Sleep. 2016 Sep 9. pii: sp-00204-16. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract

Brasure M, Fuchs E, MacDonald R, et al. Psychological and behavioral interventions for managing insomnia disorder: an evidence report for a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(2):113-24. Abstract

Cervena K, Dauvilliers Y, Espa F, et al. Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in psychophysiological insomnia. J Sleep Res. 2004;13(4):385-93. Abstract

De Bruin EJ, Meijer AM. The impact of online therapeutic feedback on outcome measures in Internet-CBTI for adolescents with insomnia. Sleep Med. 2017;29:68-75. Abstract

De Bruin EJ, van Steensel FJ, Meijer AM. Cost-effectiveness of group and internet cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in adolescents: results from a randomized controlled trial. Sleep. 2016;39(8):1571-81. Article

De Bruin EJ, Bögels SM, Oort FJ, Meijer AM. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial with internet therapy, group therapy and a waiting list condition. Sleep. 2015;38(12):1913-26. Article

Dekker K, Benjamins JS, Van Straten A, et al. Effectiveness of internet-supported cognitive behavioral and chronobiological interventions and effect moderation by insomnia subtype: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:292. Article

Edinger JD, Carney CE, Wohlgemuth WK. Pretherapy cognitive dispositions and treatment outcome in cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia. Behav Ther. 2008;39(4):406-16. Abstract

Edinger JD, Wohlgemuth WK, Krystal AD, Rice JR. Behavioral insomnia therapy for fibromyalgia patients: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(21):2527-35. Abstract

Edinger JD, Sampson WS. A primary care “friendly” cognitive behavioral insomnia therapy. Sleep. 2003;26(2):177-82. Abstract

Edinger JD, Wohlgemuth WK, Radtke RA, et al. Does cognitive-behavioral insomnia therapy alter dysfunctional beliefs about sleep? Sleep. 2001;24(5):591-9. Abstract

Garland SN, Johnson JA, Savard J, et al. Sleeping well with cancer: a systematic review of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in cancer patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:1113-24. Article

Geiger-Brown JM, Rogers VE, Liu W, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in persons with comorbid insomnia: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;23:54-67. Abstract

Krystal AD, Edinger JD. Sleep EEG predictors and correlates of the response to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Sleep. 2010;33(5):669-77. Abstract

Pigeon WR. Treatment of adult insomnia with cognitive-behavioral therapy. J Clin Psychol. 2010;66(11):1148-60. Abstract

Sánchez-Ortuño MM, Edinger JD. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for the management of insomnia comorbid with mental disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(5):519-28. Abstract

Seyffert M, Lagisetty P, Landgraf J, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy to treat insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0149139. Article

Taylor HL, Rybarczyk BD, Nay W, Leszczyszyn D. Effectiveness of a CBT intervention for persistent insomnia and hypnotic dependency in an outpatient psychiatry clinic. J Clin Psychol. 2015;71(7):666-83. Abstract

Taylor DJ, Zimmerman MR, Gardner CE, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep and daytime functioning in college students. Behav Ther. 2014;45(3):376-89. Abstract

Trauer JM, Qian MY, Doyle JS, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(3):191-204. Abstract

Wagley JN, Rybarczyk B, Nay WT, et al. Effectiveness of abbreviated CBT for insomnia in psychiatric outpatients: sleep and depression outcomes. J Clin Psychol. 2013;69(10):1043-55. Abstract

Wang MY, Wang SY, Tsai PS. Cognitive behavioral therapy for primary insomnia: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2005;50(5):553-64. Abstract

Williams J, Roth A, Vatthauer K, McCrae CS. Cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia. Chest. 2013;143(2):554-65. Article

Wu JQ, Appleman ER, Salazar RD, Ong JC. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid with psychiatric and medical conditions: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(9):1461-72. Abstract

Physical Modalities

Acupuncture / Acupressure

Cao H, Pan X, Li H, Liu J. Acupuncture for treatment of insomnia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(11):1171-86. Article

Cheuk DK, Yeung WF, Chung KF, Wong V. Acupuncture for insomnia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(9):CD005472. Abstract

Hmwe NT, Subramaniam P, Tan LP. Effectiveness of acupressure in promoting sleep quality: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Holist Nurs Pract. 2016;30(5):283-93. Abstract

Lee SH, Lim SM. Acupuncture for insomnia after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:228. Article

Murray LL, Kim HY. A review of select alternative treatment approaches for acquired neurogenic disorders: relaxation therapy and acupuncture. Semin Speech Lang. 2004;25(2):133-49. Abstract

Simoncini M, Gatti A, Quirico PE, et al. Acupressure in insomnia and other sleep disorders in elderly institutionalized patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015;27(1):37-42. Abstract

Wang XY, Yuan SH, Yang HY, et al. Abdominal acupuncture for insomnia in women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Acupunct Electrother Res. 2008;33(1-2):33-41. Abstract

Wu Y, Zou C, Liu X, et al. Auricular acupressure helps improve sleep quality for severe insomnia in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(5):356-63. Abstract

Yeung WF, Chung KF, Leung YK,et al. Traditional needle acupuncture treatment for insomnia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med. 2009;10(7):694-704. Abstract

Exercise

Mansikkamäki K, Raitanen J, Nygård CH, et al. Sleep quality and aerobic training among menopausal women – a randomized controlled trial. Maturitas. 2012;72(4):339-45. Abstract

Passos GS, Poyares DL, Santana MG, et al. Is exercise an alternative treatment for chronic insomnia? Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012;67(6):653-60. Article

Reynolds GO, Otto MW, Ellis TD, Cronin-Golomb A. The therapeutic potential of exercise to improve mood, cognition, and sleep in Parkinson’s Disease. Mov Disord. 2016;31(1):23-38. Article

Yang PY, Ho KH, Chen HC, Chien MY. Exercise training improves sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults with sleep problems: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2012;58(3):157-63. Abstract

Massage

Pinar R, Afsar F. Back massage to decrease state anxiety, cortisol level, blood pressure, heart rate and increase sleep quality in family caregivers of patients with cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(18):8127-33. Abstract

Schiff A. Literature review of back massage and similar techniques to promote sleep in elderly people. Pflege. 2006;19(3):163-73. Abstract

19.15 Treatment: Modality Combinations

19.16 Treatment: Modality v Modality Comparisons

CBT v Mindfulness

Garland SN, Carlson LE, Stephens AJ, et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction compared with cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of insomnia comorbid with cancer: a randomized, partially blinded, noninferiority trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(5):449-57. Abstract

Garland SN, Carlson LE, Antle MC, et al. I-CAN SLEEP: rationale and design of a non-inferiority RCT of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the treatment of Insomnia in CANcer survivors. Contemp Clin Trials. 2011;32(5):747-54. Abstract

Treatment: Medications

Asnis GM, Thomas M, Henderson MA. Pharmacotherapy treatment options for insomnia: a primer for clinicians. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;17(1). pii: E50. Article

Bertisch SM, Herzig SJ, Winkelman JW, Buettner C. National use of prescription medications for insomnia: NHANES 1999-2010. Sleep. 2014;37(2):343-9. Article

Carson S, McDonagh MS, Thakurta S, Yen PY. Drug Class Review: Newer Drugs for Insomnia: Final Report Update 2. Oregon Health & Science University. 2008. Document

Dündar Y, Boland A, Strobl J, et al. Newer hypnotic drugs for the short-term management of insomnia: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8(24):iii-x, 1-125. Article

Jung Y, St Louis EK. Treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2016;18(11):50. Abstract

Krystal AD. Current, emerging, and newly available insomnia medications. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(8):e1045. Article

Krystal AD. A compendium of placebo-controlled trials of the risks/benefits of pharmacological treatments for insomnia: the empirical basis for U.S. clinical practice. Sleep Med Rev. 2009;13(4):265-74. Abstract

Liira J, Verbeek JH, Costa G, et al. Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(8):CD009776. Abstract

Minkel J, Krystal AD ,Optimizing the pharmacologic treatment of insomnia: current status and future horizons. Sleep Med Clin. 2013;8(3):333-350. Article

Morgan K, Thompson J, Dixon S, et al. Predicting longer-term outcomes following psychological treatment for hypnotic-dependent chronic insomnia. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54(1):21-9. Abstract

Morlock RJ, Tan M, Mitchell DY. Patient characteristics and patterns of drug use for sleep complaints in the United States: analysis of National Ambulatory Medical Survey data, 1997-2002. Clin Ther. 2006;28(7):1044-53. Abstract

Nakamura M, Inoue Y. Benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics. Nihon Rinsho. 2015;73(6):1010-5. Abstract

Pagel JF, Parnes BL. Medications for the treatment of sleep disorders: an overview. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;3(3):118-25. Article

Rasu RS, Shenolikar RA, Nahata MC, Balkrishnan R. Physician and patient factors associated with the prescribing of medications for sleep difficulties that are associated with high abuse potential or are expensive: an analysis of data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1996-2001. Clin Ther. 2005;27(12):1970-9. Abstract

Richey SM, Krystal AD. Pharmacological advances in the treatment of insomnia. Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(15):1471-5. Abstract

Roehrs T, Roth T. ’Hypnotic’ prescription patterns in a large managed-care population. Sleep Med. 2004;5(5):463-6. Abstract

Walsh JK. Pharmacologic management of insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 16:41-5. Abstract

Wichniak A, Murawiec S, Jernajczyk W. Pharmacological treatment of insomnia. Psychiatr Pol. 2006;40(3):563-77. Abstract

Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Brasure M, et al. Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia Disorder: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Practice Guideline by the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2016165(2):103-12. Abstract

Amino Acids

Tryptophan

Brown CC, Horrom NJ, Wagman AM. Effects of L-tryptophan on sleep onset insomniacs. Waking Sleeping. 1979;3(2):101-8. Abstract

Fernstrom JD. Effects and side effects associated with the non-nutritional use of tryptophan by humans. J Nutr. 2012;142(12):2236S-2244S. Abstract

Hartmann E. Effects of L-tryptophan on sleepiness and on sleep. J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(2):107-13. Abstract

Milburn DS, Myers CW. Tryptophan toxicity: a pharmacoepidemiologic review of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. DICP. 1991;25(11):1259-62. Abstract

Silber BY, Schmitt JA. Effects of tryptophan loading on human cognition, mood, and sleep. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;34(3):387-407. Abstract

Spinweber CL. L-tryptophan administered to chronic sleep-onset insomniacs: late-appearing reduction of sleep latency. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1986;90(2):151-5. Abstract

Antipsychotics

Calcium Channel Agents

Gabapentin

Brower KJ, Myra Kim H, Strobbe S, et al. A randomized double-blind pilot trial of gabapentin versus placebo to treat alcohol dependence and comorbid insomnia. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008;32(8):1429-38. Abstract

Lo HS, Yang CM, Lo HG, et al. Treatment effects of gabapentin for primary insomnia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2010;33(2):84-90. Abstact

Mason BJ, Quello S, Goodell V, et al. Gabapentin treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(1):70-7. Article

Malcolm R, Myrick LH, Veatch LM, et al. Self-reported sleep, sleepiness, and repeated alcohol withdrawals: a randomized, double blind, controlled comparison of lorazepam vs gabapentin. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3(1):24-32. Abstract

Rosenberg RP, Hull SG, Lankford DA, et al. A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled, multicenter, polysomnographic study of gabapentin in transient insomnia induced by sleep phase advance. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014;10(10):1093-100. Article

Pregabalin

Holsboer-Trachsler E, Prieto R. Effects of pregabalin on sleep in generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;16(4):925-36. Abstract

Rubio G, Bobes J, Cervera G, et al. Effects of pregabalin on subjective sleep disturbance symptoms during withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use. Eur Addict Res. 2011;17:262–70. Abstract

Ruiz MA, Álvarez E, Carrasco JL, et al. Modeling the longitudinal latent effect of pregabalin on self-reported changes in sleep disturbances in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder managed in routine clinical practice. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:4329-40. Article

Melatonergic Agents

Ferguson SA, Rajaratnam SM, Dawson D. Melatonin agonists and insomnia. Expert Rev Neurother. 2010;10(2):305-18. Abstract

Hardeland R, Poeggeler B, Srinivasan V, et al. Melatonergic drugs in clinical practice. Arzneimittelforschung. 2008;58(1):1-10. Abstract

Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Poeggeler B, et al. Drug Insight: the use of melatonergic agonists for the treatment of insomnia-focus on ramelteon. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007;3(4):221-8. Abstract

Srinivasan V, Brzezinski A, Pandi-Perumal SR, et al. Melatonin agonists in primary insomnia and depression-associated insomnia: are they superior to sedative-hypnotics? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011;35(4):913-23. Abstract

Srinivasan V, Pandi-Perumal SR, Trahkt I, et al. Melatonin and melatonergic drugs on sleep: possible mechanisms of action. Int J Neurosci. 2009;119(6):821-46. Abstract

Melatonin

Adamczyk-Sowa M, Pierzchala K, Sowa P, et al. Melatonin acts as antioxidant and improves sleep in MS patients. Neurochem Res. 2014;39(8):1585-93. Abstract

Cardinali DP, Srinivasan V, Brzezinski A, Brown GM. Melatonin and its analogs in insomnia and depression. J Pineal Res. 2012;52(4):365-75. Abstract

Claustrat B, Brun J, David M, et al. Melatonin and jet lag: confirmatory result using a simplified protocol. Biol Psychiatry. 1992;32(8):705-11. Abstract

Costello RB, Lentino CV, Boyd CC, et al. The effectiveness of melatonin for promoting healthy sleep: a rapid evidence assessment of the literature. Nutr J. 2014;13:106. Article

Edwards BJ, Atkinson G, Waterhouse J, et al. Use of melatonin in recovery from jet-lag following an eastward flight across 10 time-zones. Ergonomics. 2000;43(10):1501-13. Abstract

Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH. Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63773. Abstract

Herxheimer A, Petrie KJ. Melatonin for preventing and treating jet lag. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD001520. Abstract

Lemoine P, Nir T, Laudon M, Zisapel N. Prolonged-release melatonin improves sleep quality and morning alertness in insomnia patients aged 55 years and older and has no withdrawal effects. J Sleep Res. 2007;16(4):372-80. Abstract

Petrie K, Dawson AG, Thompson L, Brook R. A double-blind trial of melatonin as a treatment for jet lag in international cabin crew. Biol Psychiatry. 1993;33(7):526-30. Abstract

Skene DJ, Deacon S, Arendt J. Use of melatonin in circadian rhythm disorders and following phase shifts. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1996;56(1):359-62. Abstract

Srinivasan V, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, et al. Jet lag: therapeutic use of melatonin and possible application of melatonin analogs. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2008;6(1-2):17-28. Abstract

Suhner A, Schlagenhauf P, Höfer I, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of melatonin and zolpidem for the alleviation of jet lag. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001;72(7):638-46. Abstract

Ramelteon

Borja NL, Daniel KL. Ramelteon for the treatment of insomnia. Clin Ther. 2006;28(10):1540-55. Abstract

Erman M, Seiden D, Zammit G, et al. An efficacy, safety, and dose-response study of Ramelteon in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep Med. 2006;7(1):17-24. Abstract

Mini L, Wang-Weigand S, Zhang J. Ramelteon 8 mg/d versus placebo in patients with chronic insomnia: post hoc analysis of a 5-week trial using 50% or greater reduction in latency to persistent sleep as a measure of treatment effect. Clin Ther. 2008;30(7):1316-23. Abstract

Mini LJ, Wang-Weigand S, Zhang J. Self-reported efficacy and tolerability of ramelteon 8 mg in older adults experiencing severe sleep-onset difficulty. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2007;5(3):177-84. Abstract

Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Spence DW, et al. Ramelteon: a review of its therapeutic potential in sleep disorders. Adv Ther. 2009;26(6):613-26. Abstract

Reynoldson JN, Elliott E, Nelson LA. Ramelteon: a novel approach in the treatment of insomnia. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(9):1262-71. Abstract

Roth T, Seiden D, Wang-Weigand S, Zhang J. A 2-night, 3-period, crossover study of ramelteon’s efficacy and safety in older adults with chronic insomnia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(5):1005-14. Abstract

Roth T, Seiden D, Sainati S, et al. Effects of ramelteon on patient-reported sleep latency in older adults with chronic insomnia. Sleep Med. 2006;7(4):312-8. Abstract

Simpson D, Curran MP. Ramelteon: a review of its use in insomnia. Drugs. 2008;68(13):1901-19. Abstract

Tasimelteon

Hardeland R. Tasimelteon, a melatonin agonist for the treatment of insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;10(7):691-701. Abstract

Johnsa JD, Neville MW/ Tasimelteon: a melatonin receptor agonist for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2014;48(12):1636-41. Abstract

Lankford DA. Tasimelteon for insomnia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2011;20(7):987-93. Abstract

Lavedan C, Forsberg M, Gentile AJ. Tasimelteon: a selective and unique receptor binding profile. Neuropharmacology. 2015;91:142-7. Abstract

Lockley SW, Dressman MA, Licamele L, et al. Tasimelteon for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder in totally blind people (SET and RESET): two multicentre, randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2015;386(10005):1754-64. Abstract

Neubauer DN. Tasimelteon for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. Drugs Today (Barc). 2015;51(1):29-35. Abstract

Mono-Amine Reuptake Inhibitors

Aszalós Z. Effects of antidepressants on sleep. Orv Hetil. 2006;147(17):773-83. Abstract

Clark MS, Smith PO, Jamieson B. FPIN’s clinical inquiries: Antidepressants for the treatment of insomnia in patients with depression. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(9):1-2. Article

Holshoe JM. Antidepressants and sleep: a review. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2009;45(3):191-7. Abstract

Sharpley AL, Cowen PJ. Effect of pharmacologic treatments on the sleep of depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;37(2):85-98. Abstract

Thaler KJ, Morgan LC, Van Noord M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of second-generation antidepressants for accompanying anxiety, insomnia, and pain in depressed patients: a systematic review. Depress Anxiety. 2012;29(6):495-505. Abstract

Thase ME. Antidepressant treatment of the depressed patient with insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:28-31; discussion 46-8. Abstract

Wichniak A, Wierzbicka A, Jernajczyk W. Sleep and antidepressant treatment. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(36):5802-17. Abstract

Wichniak A, Wierzbicka A. The effects of antidepressants on sleep in depressed patients with particular reference to trazodone in comparison to agomelatine, amitriptyline, doxepin, mianserine and mirtazapine. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2011;31(181):65-70. Abstract

Wiegand MH. Antidepressants for the treatment of insomnia : a suitable approach? Drugs. 2008;68(17):2411-7. Abstract

Wilson S, Argyropoulos S. Antidepressants and sleep: a qualitative review of the literature. Drugs. 2005;65(7):927-47. Abstract

Mirtazepine

Alam A, Voronovich Z, Carley JA. A review of therapeutic uses of mirtazapine in psychiatric and medical conditions. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2013;15(5). pii: PCC.13r01525. Abstract

Anttila SA, Leinonen EV. A review of the pharmacological and clinical profile of mirtazapine. CNS Drug Rev. 2001;7(3):249-64. Abstract

Dolder CR, Nelson MH, Iler CA. The effects of mirtazapine on sleep in patients with major depressive disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(3):215-24. Abstract

Winokur A, Sateia MJ, Hayes JB, et al. Acute effects of mirtazapine on sleep continuity and sleep architecture in depressed patients: a pilot study. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48(1):75-8. Abstract

Tricyclics

Doxepin

Goforth HW. Low-dose doxepin for the treatment of insomnia: emerging data. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10(10):1649-55. Abstract

Hajak G, Rodenbeck A, Voderholzer U, et al. Doxepin in the treatment of primary insomnia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, polysomnographic study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(6):453-63. Abstract

Hajak G, Rodenbeck A, Adler L, et al. Nocturnal melatonin secretion and sleep after doxepin administration in chronic primary insomnia. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1996;29(5):187-92. Abstract

Krystal AD, Lankford A, Durrence HH, et al. Efficacy and safety of doxepin 3 and 6 mg in a 35-day sleep laboratory trial in adults with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep. 2011;34(10):1433-42. Article

Krystal AD, Durrence HH, Scharf M, et al. Efficacy and safety of doxepin 1 mg and 3 mg in a 12-week sleep laboratory and outpatient trial of elderly subjects with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep. 2010;33(11):1553-61. Abstract

Lankford A, Rogowski R, Essink B, et al. Efficacy and safety of doxepin 6 mg in a four-week outpatient trial of elderly adults with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep Med. 2012;13(2):133-8. Abstract

Rodenbeck A, Cohrs S, Jordan W, et al. The sleep-improving effects of doxepin are paralleled by a normalized plasma cortisol secretion in primary insomnia. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study followed by an open treatment over 3 weeks. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003;170(4):423-8. Abstract

Rojas-Fernandez CH, Chen Y. Use of ultra-low-dose (≤6 mg) doxepin for treatment of insomnia in older people. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2014;147(5):281-9. Article

Roth T, Rogowski R, Hull S, et al. Efficacy and safety of doxepin 1 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg in adults with primary insomnia. Sleep. 2007;30(11):1555-61. Article

Scharf M, Rogowski R, Hull S, et al. Efficacy and safety of doxepin 1 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg in elderly patients with primary insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(10):1557-64. Abstract

Yeung WF, Chung KF, Yung KP, Ng TH. Doxepin for insomnia: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;19:75-83. Abstract

Plant-Based Medicines

Leach MJ, Page AT. Herbal medicine for insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;24:1-12. Abstract

Yurcheshen M, Seehuus M, Pigeon W. Updates on nutraceutical sleep therapeutics and investigational research. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:105256. Abstract

Chamomile

McKay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother Res. 2006;20(7):519-30. Abstract

Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Rep. 2010;3(6):895-901. Article

Cannabinoids

Belendiuk KA, Babson KA, Vandrey R, Bonn-Miller MO. Cannabis species and cannabinoid concentration preference among sleep-disturbed medicinal cannabis users. Addict Behav. 2015;50:178-81. Abstract

Bonn-Miller MO, Babson KA, Vandrey R. Using cannabis to help you sleep: heightened frequency of medical cannabis use among those with PTSD. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;136:162-5. Abstract

Gates PJ, Albertella L, Copeland J. The effects of cannabinoid administration on sleep: a systematic review of human studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2014;18(6):477-87. Abstract

Gorelick DA, Goodwin RS, Schwilke E, et al. Around-the-clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers. Am J Addict. 2013;22(5):510-4. Article

Mike TB, Shaw DS, Forbes EE, et al. The hazards of bad sleep – Sleep duration and quality as predictors of adolescent alcohol and cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;168:335-339. Abstract

Mizrachi Zer-Aviv T, Segev A, Akirav I. Cannabinoids and post-traumatic stress disorder: clinical and preclinical evidence for treatment and prevention. Behav Pharmacol. 2016;27(7):561-9. Abstract

Mücke M, Carter C, Cuhls H, et al. Cannabinoids in palliative care: Systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety. Schmerz. 2016;30(1):25-36. Abstract

Nicholson AN, Turner C, Stone BM, Robson PJ. Effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep and early-morning behavior in young adults. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;24(3):305-13. Abstract

Robson P. Therapeutic aspects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;178:107-15. Abstract

Russo EB, Guy GW, Robson PJ. Cannabis, pain, and sleep: lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine. Chem Biodivers. 2007;4(8):1729-43. Abstract

Ware MA, Fitzcharles MA, Joseph L, Shir Y. The effects of nabilone on sleep in fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2010;110(2):604-10. Abstract

Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313(24):2456-73. Abstract

Hops

Koetter U, Schrader E, Käufeler R, Brattström A. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical study to demonstrate clinical efficacy of a fixed valerian hops extract combination (Ze 91019) in patients suffering from non-organic sleep disorder. Phytother Res. 2007;21(9):847-51. Abstract

Salter S, Brownie S. Treating primary insomnia – the efficacy of valerian and hops. Aust Fam Physician. 2010;39(6):433-7. Article

Kava

Jacobs BP, Bent S, Tice JA, et al. An internet-based randomized, placebo-controlled trial of kava and valerian for anxiety and insomnia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84(4):197-207. Abstract

Lavender

Denner SS. Lavandula angustifolia Miller: English lavender. Holist Nurs Pract. 2009;23(1):57-64. Abstract

Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P. A single-blinded, randomized pilot study evaluating the aroma of Lavandula augustifolia as a treatment for mild insomnia. J Altern Complement Med. 2005;11(4):631-7. Abstract

Passion Flower

Maroo N, Hazra A, Das T. Efficacy and safety of a polyherbal sedative-hypnotic formulation NSF-3 in primary insomnia in comparison to zolpidem: a randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013;45(1):34-9. Article

Villet S, Vacher V, Colas A, et al. Open-label observational study of the homeopathic medicine Passiflora Compose for anxiety and sleep disorders. Homeopathy. 2016;105(1):84-91. Abstract

Valarian

Bent S, Padula A, Moore D, et al. Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2006;119(12):1005-12. Abstract

Fernández-San-Martín MI, Masa-Font R, Palacios-Soler L, et al. Effectiveness of Valerian on insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Sleep Med. 2010;11(6):505-11. Abstract

Jacobs BP, Bent S, Tice JA, et al. An internet-based randomized, placebo-controlled trial of kava and valerian for anxiety and insomnia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84(4):197-207. Abstract

Krystal AD, Ressler I. The use of valerian in neuropsychiatry. CNS Spectr. 2001;6(10):841-7. Abstract

Nunes A, Sousa M. Use of valerian in anxiety and sleep disorders: what is the best evidence? Acta Med Port. 2011;24 Suppl 4:961-6. Abstract

Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Nordhus IH, Skjerve A. Valerian as a sleeping aid? Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(30):2857-9. Abstract

Salter S, Brownie S. Treating primary insomnia – the efficacy of valerian and hops. Aust Fam Physician. 2010;39(6):433-7. Article

Ziegler G, Ploch M, Miettinen-Baumann A, Collet W. Efficacy and tolerability of valerian extract LI 156 compared with oxazepam in the treatment of non-organic insomnia – a randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical study. Eur J Med Res. 2002;7(11):480-6. Abstract

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

Trazodone

Davis MP. Does trazodone have a role in palliating symptoms? Support Care Cancer. 2007;15(2):221-4. Abstract

Frecska E .Trazodone—its multifunctional mechanism of action and clinical use. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung. 2010;12(4):477-82. Abstract

Gałecki P, Florkowski A, Talarowska M. Efficacy of trazodone in the treatment of insomnia. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2010;28(168):509-12. Abstract

James SP, Mendelson WB. The use of trazodone as a hypnotic: a critical review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(6):752-5. Abstract

Kolla BP, Mansukhani MP, Schneekloth T. Pharmacological treatment of insomnia in alcohol recovery: a systematic review. Alcohol Alcohol. 2011;46(5):578-85. Abstract

Mendelson WB. A review of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of trazodone in insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(4):469-76. Abstract

Warner MD, Dorn MR, Peabody CA. Survey on the usefulness of trazodone in patients with PTSD with insomnia or nightmares. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2001;34(4):128-31. Abstract

Wichniak A, Wierzbicka A, Sobańska A, et al. The effectiveness of treatment with trazodone in patients with primary insomnia without and with prior history of hypnotics use. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2007;23(133):41-6. Abstract

Suvorexant

Coleman PJ, Gotter AL, Herring WJ, et al. The discovery of suvorexant, the first orexin receptor drug for insomnia. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017;57:509-533. Abstract

Herring WJ, Connor KM, Snyder E, et al. Clinical profile of suvorexant for the treatment of insomnia over 3 months in women and men: subgroup analysis of pooled phase-3 data. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2017 Mar 7. Abstract

Herring WJ, Connor KM, Ivgy-May N, et al. Suvorexant in patients with insomnia: results from two 3-month randomized controlled clinical trials. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(2):136-48. Abstract

Herring WJ, Connor KM, Snyder E, et al.Suvorexant in patients with insomnia: pooled analyses of three-month data from phase-3 randomized controlled clinical trials. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(9):1215-25. Article

Kishi T, Matsunaga S, Iwata N. Suvorexant for primary insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0136910. Abstract

Michelson D, Snyder E, Paradis E, et al. Safety and efficacy of suvorexant during 1-year treatment of insomnia with subsequent abrupt treatment discontinuation: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(5):461-71. Abstract

Owen RT. Suvorexant: efficacy and safety profile of a dual orexin receptor antagonist in treating insomnia. Drugs Today (Barc). 2016;52(1):29-40. Abstract

Sutton EL. Profile of suvorexant in the management of insomnia. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:6035-42. Abstract

19.17 Treatment: Medication Combinations

Morgan K, Dixon S, Mathers N, et al. Psychological treatment for insomnia in the regulation of long-term hypnotic drug use. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8(8):iii-iv, 1-68. Abstract

Pollack M, Kinrys G, Krystal A, et al. Eszopiclone coadministered with escitalopram in patients with insomnia and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(5):551-62. Abstract

19.18 Treatment: Medication + Modalities

Manber R, Buysse DJ, Edinger J, et al. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia combined with antidepressant pharmacotherapy in patients with comorbid depression and insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(10):e1316-e1323. Abstract

Morgan K, Dixon S, Mathers N, et al. Psychological treatment for insomnia in the regulation of long-term hypnotic drug use. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8(8):iii-iv, 1-68. Abstract

Morgan K, Thompson J, Dixon S, et al. Predicting longer-term outcomes following psychological treatment for hypnotic-dependent chronic insomnia. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54(1):21-9. Abstract

Morin CM, Edinger JD, Krystal AD, et al. Sequential psychological and pharmacological therapies for comorbid and primary insomnia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17(1):118. Abstract

Morin CM, Vallières A, Guay B, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301(19):2005-15. Article

Perlis ML, Smith MT, Orff H, et al. The effects of modafinil and cognitive behavior therapy on sleep continuity in patients with primary insomnia. Sleep. 2004;27(4):715-25. Abstract

Zavesicka L, Brunovsky M, Matousek M, Sos P. Discontinuation of hypnotics during cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8:80. Article

Zavesicka L, Brunovsky M, Horacek J, et al. Trazodone improves the results of cognitive behavior therapy of primary insomnia in non-depressed patients. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008;29(6):895-901. Abstract

19.19 Treatment: Medication v Medication Comparisons

Montplaisir J, Hawa R, Moller H, et al. Zopiclone and zaleplon vs benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia: Canadian consensus statement. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003;18(1):29-38. Link

19.20 Treatment: Medication v Modality Comparisons

Jacobs GD, Pace-Schott EF, Stickgold R, Otto MW. Cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial and direct comparison. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(17):1888-96. Abstract

Smith MT, Perlis ML, Park A, et al. Comparative meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for persistent insomnia. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(1):5-11. Abstract

19.21 Insomnia by Subpopulation

Armed Services / Veterans

Bramoweth AD, Germain A. Deployment-related insomnia in military personnel and veterans. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(10):401. Abstract

David D, De Faria L, Mellman TA. Adjunctive risperidone treatment and sleep symptoms in combat veterans with chronic PTSD. Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(8):489-91. Abstract

Jenkins MM, Colvonen PJ, Norman SB, et al. Prevalence and mental health correlates of insomnia in first-encounter veterans with and without military sexual trauma. Sleep. 2015;38(10):1547-54. Article

Lang AJ, Schnurr PP, Jain S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for distress and impairment in OEF / OIF / OND veterans. Psychol Trauma. 2016 Jun 20. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract

Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH, Rosenheck RA, et al. Sleep disturbance in chronic military-related PTSD: clinical impact and response to adjunctive risperidone in the Veterans Affairs cooperative study #504. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(4):483-91. Abstract

Lu M, Wagner A, Van Male L, et al. Imagery rehearsal therapy for posttraumatic nightmares in US veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2009;22(3):236-9. Abstract

Margolies SO, Rybarczyk B, Vrana SR, et al. Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia and nightmares in Afghanistan and Iraq veterans with PTSD. J Clin Psychol. 2013;69(10):1026-42. Abstract

Nappi CM, Drummond SP, Thorp SR, McQuaid JR. Effectiveness of imagery rehearsal therapy for the treatment of combat-related nightmares in veterans. Behav Ther. 2010;41(2):237-44. Abstract

Addiction

Angarita GA, Emadi N, Hodges S, Morgan PT. Sleep abnormalities associated with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opiate use: a comprehensive review. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2016;11(1):9. Abstract

Arnedt JT, Conroy DA, Brower KJ. Treatment options for sleep disturbances during alcohol recovery. J Addict Dis. 2007;26(4):41-54. Article

Brooks AT, Wallen GR. Sleep disturbances in individuals with alcohol-related disorders: a review of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and associated non-pharmacological therapies. Subst Abuse. 2014;8:55-62. Article

Brower KJ, Myra Kim H, Strobbe S, et al. A randomized double-blind pilot trial of gabapentin versus placebo to treat alcohol dependence and comorbid insomnia. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008;32(8):1429-38. Abstract

Friedmann PD, Rose JS, Swift R, et al. Trazodone for sleep disturbance after alcohol detoxification: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008;32(9):1652-60. Article

Friedmann PD, Herman DS, Freedman S, et al. Treatment of sleep disturbance in alcohol recovery: a national survey of addiction medicine physicians. J Addict Dis. 2003;22(2):91-103. Article

Kolla BP, Schneekloth T, Mansukhani MP, et al. The association between sleep disturbances and alcohol relapse: a 12-month observational cohort study. Am J Addict. 2015;24(4):362-7. Abstract

Le Bon O, Murphy JR, Staner L, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of trazodone in alcohol post-withdrawal syndrome: polysomnographic and clinical evaluations. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;23(4):377-83. Abstract

Roehrs TA, Roth T. Sleep disturbance in substance use disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2015;38(4):793-803. Article

Alcoholism

Brower KJ. Assessment and treatment of insomnia in adult patients with alcohol use disorders. Alcohol. 2015;49(4):417-27. Abstract

Kolla BP, Mansukhani MP, Schneekloth T. Pharmacological treatment of insomnia in alcohol recovery: a systematic review. Alcohol Alcohol. 2011;46(5):578-85. Abstract

Mason BJ, Quello S, Goodell V, et al. Gabapentin treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(1):70-7. Article

Amphetamine Addiction

Behavioral Addictions

Cocaine Addiction

Nicotine Addiction

Opioid Addiction

Cancer

Berger AM. Update on the state of the science: sleep-wake disturbances in adult patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009;36(4):E165-77. Abstract

Clark J, Cunningham M, McMillan S, et al. Sleep-wake disturbances in people with cancer part II: evaluating the evidence for clinical decision making. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004;31(4):747-71. Abstract

Dahiya S, Ahluwalia MS, Walia HK. Sleep disturbances in cancer patients: under-recognized and undertreated. Cleve Clin J Med. 2013;80(11):722-32. Article

Davis MP, Goforth HW. Long-term and short-term effects of insomnia in cancer and effective interventions. Cancer J. 2014;20(5):330-44. Abstract

Howell D, Oliver TK, Keller-Olaman S, et al. Sleep disturbance in adults with cancer: a systematic review of evidence for best practices in assessment and management for clinical practice. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(4):791-800. Abstract

Irwin MR. Depression and insomnia in cancer: prevalence, risk factors, and effects on cancer outcomes. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(11):404. Article

Johnson JA, Rash JA, Campbell TS, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in cancer survivors. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;27:20-8. Abstract

Pinar R, Afsar F. Back massage to decrease state anxiety, cortisol level, blood pressure, heart rate and increase sleep quality in family caregivers of patients with cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(18):8127-33. Abstract

Tanimukai H, Murai T, Okazaki N, et al. An observational study of insomnia and nightmare treated with trazodone in patients with advanced cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2013;30(4):359-62. Abstract

Vena C, Parker K, Cunningham M, et al. Sleep-wake disturbances in people with cancer part I: an overview of sleep, sleep regulation, and effects of disease and treatment. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004;31(4):735-46. Abstract

Woodward SC. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2011;15(4):E42-52. Abstract

Cardiovascular Disease

Care Facilities

Hospital

Edwards C, Bushnell JL, Ashton CH, Rawlins MD. Hospital prescribing and usage of hypnotics and anxiolytics. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(2):190-2. Link

Cognitive Dysfunction / Dementia

Bombois S, Derambure P, Pasquier F, Monaca C. Sleep disorders in aging and dementia. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010;14(3):212-7. Abstract

McCleery J, Cohen DA, Sharpley AL. Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;11:CD009178. Abstract

Simoncini M, Gatti A, Quirico PE, et al. Acupressure in insomnia and other sleep disorders in elderly institutionalized patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015;27(1):37-42. Abstract

Criminal Justice

Elderly

Alessi C, Vitiello MV. Insomnia (primary) in older people: non-drug treatments. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015;2015. pii: 2302. Abstract

Alessi C, Vitiello MV. Insomnia (primary) in older people. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011;2011. pii: 2302. Article

Ancoli-Israel S. Sleep and its disorders in aging populations. Sleep Med. 2009;10(suppl 1):S7-S11. Abstract

Bain KT. Management of chronic insomnia in elderly persons. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2006;4(2):168-92. Abstract

Bombois S, Derambure P, Pasquier F, Monaca C. Sleep disorders in aging and dementia. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010;14(3):212-7. Abstract

Cochen V, Arbus C, Soto ME, et al. Sleep disorders and their impacts on healthy, dependent, and frail older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(4):322-9. Abstract

Gooneratne NS, Vitiello MV. Sleep in older adults: normative changes, sleep disorders, and treatment options. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30(3):591-627. Article

Huang WF, Lai IC. Potentially inappropriate prescribing for insomnia in elderly outpatients in Taiwan. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006;44(7):335-42. Abstract

Huang WF, Lai IC. Patterns of sleep-related medications prescribed to elderly outpatients with insomnia in Taiwan. Drugs Aging. 2005;22(11):957-65. Abstract

Lai HL, Good M. Music improves sleep quality in older adults. J Adv Nurs. 2005;49(3):234-44. Abstract

Lovato N, Lack L, Wright H, Kennaway DJ. Evaluation of a brief treatment program of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia in older adults. Sleep. 2014;37(1):117-26. Abstract

Markota M, Rummans TA, Bostwick JM, Lapid MI. Benzodiazepine use in older adults: dangers, management, and alternative therapies. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(11):1632-9. Abstract

Melancon MO, Lorrain D, Dionne IJ. Exercise and sleep in aging: emphasis on serotonin. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2014;62(5):276-83. Abstract

Sadler P, McLaren S, Klein B, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy for older adults experiencing insomnia and depression in a community mental health setting: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:538. Article

Schiff A. Literature review of back massage and similar techniques to promote sleep in elderly people. Pflege. 2006;19(3):163-73. Abstract

Schroeck JL, Ford J, Conway EL, et al. Review of safety and efficacy of sleep medicines in older adults. Clin Ther. 2016;38(11):2340-72. Abstract

Shinno H. Sleep disturbances in the elderly: pathology, symptoms and treatment. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2010;112(8):709-19. Abstract

Voyer P, Landreville P, Moisan J, et al. Insomnia, depression and anxiety disorders and their association with benzodiazepine drug use among the community-dwelling elderly: implications for mental health nursing. Int J Psychiatr Nurs Res. 2005;10(2):1093-116. Abstract

Ethnicity

Adenekan B, Pandey A, McKenzie S, et al. Sleep in America: role of racial/ethnic differences. Sleep Med Rev. 2013;17(4):255-62. Article

Chen X, Wang R, Zee P, et al. Racial / ethnic differences in sleep disturbances: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Sleep. 2015;38(6):877-88. Article

Cunningham TJ, Ford ES, Chapman DP, et al. Independent and joint associations of race/ethnicity and educational attainment with sleep-related symptoms in a population-based US sample. Prev Med. 2015;77:99-105. Abstract

Grandner MA, Williams NJ, Knutson KL, et al. Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position. Sleep Med. 2016;18:7-18. Article

Grandner MA, Petrov ME, Rattanaumpawan P, et al. Sleep symptoms, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9(9):897-905; 905A-905D. Article

Grandner MA, Patel NP, Gehrman PR, et al. Who gets the best sleep? Ethnic and socioeconomic factors related to sleep complaints. Sleep Med. 2010;11(5):470-8. Article

Hale L, Troxel WM, Kravitz HM, et al. Acculturation and sleep among a multiethnic sample of women: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Sleep. 2014;37(2):309-17. Abstract

Whinnery J, Jackson N, Rattanaumpawan P, Grandner MA. Short and long sleep duration associated with race/ethnicity, sociodemographics, and socioeconomic position. Sleep. 2014;37(3):601-11. Article

African-American

Petrov ME, Lichstein KL. Differences in sleep between black and white adults: an update and future directions. Sleep Med. 2016;18:74-81. Abstract

Asian

Caucasian

Petrov ME, Lichstein KL. Differences in sleep between black and white adults: an update and future directions. Sleep Med. 2016;18:74-81. Abstract

Hispanic

Loredo JS, Soler X, Bardwell W, et al. Sleep health in U.S. Hispanic population. Sleep. 2010;33(7):962-7. Article

Native American

Pacific Island

GU Disease

Ancoli-Israel S, Bliwise DL, Nørgaard JP. The effect of nocturia on sleep. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15(2):91-7. Article

Krystal AD, Preud’homme XA, Amundsen CL, Webster GD. Detrusor overactivity persisting at night and preceding nocturia in patients with overactive bladder syndrome: a nocturnal cystometrogram and polysomnogram study. J Urol. 2010;184(2):623-8. Abstract

Health Care Providers

Hepatic Disease

HIV / AIDS

Allavena C, Guimard T, Billaud E, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbance in a large HIV-infected adult population. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(2):339-44. Abstract

Crum-Cianflone NF, Roediger MP, Moore DJ, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with sleep disturbances among early-treated HIV-infected persons. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(10):1485-94. Article

Jean-Louis G, Weber KM, Aouizerat BE, et al. Insomnia symptoms and HIV infection among participants in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Sleep. 2012;35(1):131-7. Article

Low Y, Preud’homme X, Goforth HW, et al. The association of fatigue with depression and insomnia in HIV-seropositive patients: a pilot study. Sleep. 2011;34(12):1723-6. Article

Omonuwa TS, Goforth HW, Preud’homme X, Krystal AD. The pharmacologic management of insomnia in patients with HIV. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;5(3):251-62. Article

LGBT

Men

Miller CM, Rindflesch TC, Fiszman M, et al. A closed literature-based discovery technique finds a mechanistic link between hypogonadism and diminished sleep quality in aging men. Sleep. 2012;35(2):279-85. Abstract

Neurologic Disease

Dementia

McCleery J, Cohen DA, Sharpley AL. Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 201611:CD009178. Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis

Abbasi S, Alimohammadi N, Pahlavanzadeh S. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the quality of sleep in women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial study. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2016;4(4):320-328. Article

Adamczyk-Sowa M, Pierzchala K, Sowa P, et al. Melatonin acts as antioxidant and improves sleep in MS patients. Neurochem Res. 2014;39(8):1585-93. Abstract

Barun B. Pathophysiological background and clinical characteristics of sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115 Suppl 1:S82-5. Abstract

Braley TJ, Segal BM, Chervin RD. Hypnotic use and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Sleep Med. 2015;16(1):131-7. Abstract

Braley TJ, Chervin RD. A practical approach to the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2015;8(6):294-310. Article

Brass SD, Duquette P, Proulx-Therrien J, Auerbach S. Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14(2):121-9. Abstract

Caminero A, Bartolomé M. Sleep disturbances in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2011;309(1-2):86-91. Abstract

Kaminska M, Kimoff RJ, Schwartzman K, Trojan DA. Sleep disorders and fatigue in multiple sclerosis: evidence for association and interaction. J Neurol Sci. 2011;302(1-2):7-13. Abstract

Veauthier C. Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis. Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015;15(5):21. Abstract

TBI

Baumann CR. Sleep and traumatic brain injury. Sleep Med Clin. 2016;11(1):19-23. Abstract

Imbach LL, Valko PO, Li T, et al. Increased sleep need and daytime sleepiness 6 months after traumatic brain injury: a prospective controlled clinical trial. Brain. 2015;138(Pt 3):726-35. Article

Lucke-Wold BP, Smith KE, Nguyen L, et al. Sleep disruption and the sequelae associated with traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;55:68-77. Article

Ouellet MC, Beaulieu-Bonneau S, Morin CM. Sleep-wake disturbances after traumatic brain injury. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(7):746-57. Abstract

Viola-Saltzman M, Watson NF. Traumatic brain injury and sleep disorders. Neurol Clin. 2012;30(4):1299-312. Article

Sleep, sleep disorders, and mild traumatic brain injury. What we know and what we need to know: findings from a national working group. Neurotherapeutics. 2016;13(2):403-17. Abstract

Pain

Cheatle MD, Webster LR. Opioid therapy and sleep disorders: risks and mitigation strategies. Pain Med. 2015;16 Suppl 1:S22-6. Article

Emery PC, Wilson KG, Kowal J. Major depressive disorder and sleep disturbance in patients with chronic pain. Pain Res Manag. 2014;19(1):35-41. Article

Finan PH, Smith MT. The comorbidity of insomnia, chronic pain, and depression: dopamine as a putative mechanism. Sleep Med Rev. 2013;17(3):173-83. Article

Finan PH, Goodin BR, Smith MT. The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward. J Pain. 2013;14(12):1539-52. Article

Tang NK, Lereya ST, Boulton H, et al.Nonpharmacological treatments of insomnia for long-term painful conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of patient-reported outcomes in randomized controlled trials. Sleep. 2015;38(11):1751-64. Article

Palliative Care – End of Life

Mücke M, Carter C, Cuhls H, et al. Cannabinoids in palliative care: Systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety. Schmerz. 2016;30(1):25-36. Abstract

Pediatric

Bruni O, Novelli L. Sleep disorders in children. BMJ Clin Evid. 2010;2010. pii: 2304. Article

Edinger JD, Manber R, Buysse DJ, et al. Are patients with childhood onset of insomnia and depression more difficult to treat than are those with adult onsets of these disorders? A report from the TRIAD study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(2):205-213. Abstract

Mindell JA, Emslie G, Blumer J, et al. Pharmacologic management of insomnia in children and adolescents: consensus statement. Pediatrics. 2006;117(6):e1223-32. Abstract

Psychiatric Co-Morbidities

Geiger-Brown JM, Rogers VE, Liu W, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in persons with comorbid insomnia: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;23:54-67. Abstract

Krystal AD. Psychiatric disorders and sleep. Neurol Clin. 2012;30(4):1389-413. Article

ADHD

Cohen-Zion M, Ancoli-Israel S. Sleep in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a review of naturalistic and stimulant intervention studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2004;8(5):379-402. Abstract

Corkum P, Tannock R, Moldofsky H. Sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;37(6):637-46. Abstract

Gruber R. Sleep characteristics of children and adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2009;18(4):863-76. Abstract

Lunsford-Avery JR, Krystal AD, Kollins SH. Sleep disturbances in adolescents with ADHD: A systematic review and framework for future research. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;50:159-174. Abstract

Owens JA. Sleep disorders and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2008;10(5):439-44. Abstract

Anxiety

Cox RC, Olatunji BO. A systematic review of sleep disturbance in anxiety and related disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2016;37:104-29. Abstract

Holsboer-Trachsler E, Prieto R. Effects of pregabalin on sleep in generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;16(4):925-36. Abstract

Lipinska G, Baldwin DS, Thomas KG. Pharmacology for sleep disturbance in PTSD. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2016;31(2):156-63. Abstract

Nappi CM, Drummond SP, Hall JM. Treating nightmares and insomnia in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of current evidence. Neuropharmacology. 2012;62(2):576-85. Article

Talbot LS, Maguen S, Metzler TJ, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep. 2014;37(2):327-41. Article

BPD

Baek JH, Nierenberg AA, Kinrys G. Clinical applications of herbal medicines for anxiety and insomnia; targeting patients with bipolar disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014;48(8):705-15. Abstract

Geoffroy PA, Etain B, Franchi JA, et al. Melatonin and melatonin agonists as adjunctive treatments in bipolar disorders. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(23):3352-8. Abstract

Gershon A, Thompson WK, Eidelman P, et al. Restless pillow, ruffled mind: sleep and affect coupling in interepisode bipolar disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121(4):863-73. Abstract

Kaplan KA, Talbot LS, Gruber J, Harvey AG. Evaluating sleep in bipolar disorder: comparison between actigraphy, polysomnography, and sleep diary. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14(8):870-9. Abstract

Ng TH, Chung KF, Ho FY, et al. Sleep-wake disturbance in interepisode bipolar disorder and high-risk individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;20:46-58. Abstract

Robillard R, Naismith SL, Hickie IB. Recent advances in sleep-wake cycle and biological rhythms in bipolar disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(10):402. Abstract

Soreca I. Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014;27(6):467-71. Abstract

Talbot LS, Stone S, Gruber J, et al. A test of the bidirectional association between sleep and mood in bipolar disorder and insomnia. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121(1):39-50. Article

Wichniak A, Jarkiewicz M, Okruszek Ł, et al. Low risk for switch to mania during treatment with sleep promoting antidepressants. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2015;48(3):83-8. Abstract

Depression

Carney CE, Ulmer C, Edinger JD, et al. Assessing depression symptoms in those with insomnia: an examination of the beck depression inventory second edition (BDI-II). J Psychiatr Res. 2009;43(5):576-82. Article

Clark MS, Smith PO, Jamieson B. FPIN’s clinical inquiries: Antidepressants for the treatment of insomnia in patients with depression. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(9):1-2. Article

Holshoe JM. Antidepressants and sleep: a review. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2009;45(3):191-7. Abstract

Kupfer DJ. Pathophysiology and management of insomnia during depression. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1999;11(4):267-76. Abstract

Luca A, Luca M, Calandra C. Sleep disorders and depression: brief review of the literature, case report, and nonpharmacologic interventions for depression. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:1033-9. Article

Sharpley AL, Cowen PJ. Effect of pharmacologic treatments on the sleep of depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;37(2):85-98. Abstract

Thase ME. Antidepressant treatment of the depressed patient with insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:28-31; discussion 46-8. Abstract

Wichniak A, Wierzbicka A, Jernajczyk W. Sleep and antidepressant treatment. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(36):5802-17. Abstract

Wiegand MH. Antidepressants for the treatment of insomnia : a suitable approach? Drugs. 2008;68(17):2411-7. Abstract

Wilson S, Argyropoulos S. Antidepressants and sleep: a qualitative review of the literature. Drugs. 2005;65(7):927-47. Abstract

Psychosis

Freeman D, Startup H, Myers E, et al. The effects of using cognitive behavioural therapy to improve sleep for patients with delusions and hallucinations (the BEST study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2013;14:214. Abstract

Klingaman EA, Palmer-Bacon J, Bennett ME, Rowland LM. Sleep disorders among people with schizophrenia: emerging research. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17(10):79. Abstract

Reeve S, Sheaves B, Freeman D. The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015;42:96-115. Article

Waite F, Myers E, Harvey AG, et al. Treating sleep problems in patients with schizophrenia. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2016;44(3):273-87. Article

Pulmonary Disease

Budhiraja R, Siddiqi TA, Quan SF. Sleep disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: etiology, impact, and management. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015;11(3):259-70. Article

Collop N. Sleep and sleep disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2010;80(1):78-86. Abstract

George CF, Bayliff CD. Management of insomnia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs. 2003;63(4):379-87. Abstract

George CF. Perspectives on the management of insomnia in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. Sleep. 2000;23 Suppl 1:S31-5; discussion S36-8. Abstract

Kapella MC, Herdegen JJ, Perlis ML, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid with COPD is feasible with preliminary evidence of positive sleep and fatigue effects. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2011;6:625-35. Article

Kwon JS, Wolfe LF, Lu BS, Kalhan R. Hyperinflation is associated with lower sleep efficiency in COPD with co-existent obstructive sleep apnea. COPD. 2009;6(6):441-5. Abstract

Roth T. Hypnotic use for insomnia management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sleep Med. 2009;10(1):19-25. Abstract

Sharafkhaneh A, Jayaraman G, Kaleekal T, et al. Sleep disorders and their management in patients with COPD. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2009;3(6):309-18. Abstract

Stege G, Vos PJ, van den Elshout FJ, et al. Sleep, hypnotics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2008;102(6):801-14. Abstract

Renal Disease

Kosmadakis GC, Medcalf JF. Sleep disorders in dialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs. 2008;31(11):919-27. Abstract

Pierratos A, Hanly PJ. Sleep disorders over the full range of chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif. 2011;31(1-3):146-50. Abstract

Wu Y, Zou C, Liu X, et al. Auricular acupressure helps improve sleep quality for severe insomnia in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(5):356-63. Abstract

Shift Work

Krystal AD, Roth T, Simon RD. Shift work disorder case studies: applying management principles in clinical practice. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(8):e25. Abstract

Liira J, Verbeek JH, Costa G, et al. Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work. Sao Paulo Med J. 2015;133(1):67. Article

Liira J, Verbeek JH, Costa G, et al. Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(8):CD009776. Abstract

Slanger TE, Gross JV, Pinger A, et al. Person-directed, non-pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by shift work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD010641. Abstract

Surgery

Women

Bruyneel M. Sleep disturbances in menopausal women: etiology and practical aspects. Maturitas. 2015;81(3):406-9. Abstract

Krystal AD. Depression and insomnia in women. Clin Cornerstone. 2004;6 Suppl 1B:S19-28. Abstract

Krystal AD, Edinger J, Wohlgemuth W, Marsh GR. Sleep in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Sleep Med Rev. 1998;2(4):243-53. Abstract

Terauchi M, Hiramitsu S, Akiyoshi M, et al. Associations among depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013;39(5):1007-13. Abstract

Terauchi M, Hiramitsu S, Akiyoshi M, et al. Associations between anxiety, depression and insomnia in peri- and post-menopausal women. Maturitas. 2012;72(1):61-5. Abstract

Perinatal

Abbott SM, Attarian H, Zee PC. Sleep disorders in perinatal women. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;28(1):159-68. Abstract

Jones CR. Diagnostic and management approach to common sleep disorders during pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;56(2):360-71. Article

Ko YL, Lin SC, Lin PC. Effect of auricular acupressure for postpartum insomnia: an uncontrolled clinical trial. J Clin Nurs. 2016;25(3-4):332-9. Abstract

Ko YL, Lee HJ. Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of using back massage to improve sleep quality among Taiwanese insomnia postpartum women. Midwifery. 2014;30(1):60-4. Abstract

Liu CT, Lai JN, Ko YL. Effects of auricular acupressure on improving the sleep quality of puerperae. Hu Li Za Zhi. 2016;63(2):39-48. Abstract

Oyiengo D, Louis M, Hott B, Bourjeily G. Sleep disorders in pregnancy. Clin Chest Med. 2014;35(3):571-87. Abstract

Rezaei E, Moghadam ZB, Nejat S, Dehghannayeri N. The impact of sleep healthy behavior education on the quality of life in the pregnant women with sleep disorder: A randomized control trial in the year 2012. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(5):508-16. Abstract

Nursing

Library 19 Insomnia

19 Insomnia

19.1 Pharmaceutical Industry

19.2 Reviews

19.3 Terminology

19.4 Perspectives

19.5 Epidemiology

19.6 Socioeconomics

19.7 Etiology

19.8 Symptoms / Signs

19.9 Adverse Effects: General

19.10 Adverse Effects by Organ System

19.11 Consequences: Executive Function

19.12 Screening

19.13 Diagnosis

19.14 Treatment

19.15 Treatment: Modality Combinations

19.16 Treatment: Modality v Modality Comparisons

19.17 Treatment: Medication Combinations

19.18 Treatment: Medication + Modalities

19.19 Treatment: Medication v Medication Comparisons

19.20 Treatment: Medication v Modality Comparisons

19.21 Insomnia by Subpopulation

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