Cooper JA, Cadogan CA, Patterson SM, et al. Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy in older people: a Cochrane systematic review. BMJ Open. 2015;5(12):e009235. Article

Gabe J. Promoting benzodiazepine withdrawal. Addiction. 1994;89(11):1497-504. Abstract

Marcum ZA, Handler SM, Wright R, Hanlon JT. Interventions to improve suboptimal prescribing in nursing homes: a narrative review. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2010;8(3):183-200. Article

Ostini R, Jackson C, Hegney D, Tett SE. How is medication prescribing ceased? A systematic review. Med Care. 2011;49(1):24-36. Abstract

Patterson SM, Cadogan CA, Kerse N, et al. Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(10):CD008165. Abstract

Ryan R, Santesso N, Lowe D, et al. Interventions to improve safe and effective medicines use by consumers: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD007768. Abstract

Sketris IS, Langille Ingram EM, Lummis HL. Strategic opportunities for effective optimal prescribing and medication management. Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;16(1):e103-25. Abstract

Smith AJ, Tett SE. Improving the use of benzodiazepines – is it possible? A non-systematic review of interventions tried in the last 20 years. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:321. Link

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Guidance 2016 Controlled Drugs: Safe Use and Management

World Health Organization 2014 Community Management of Opioid Overdose

13.2 Legal – Regulatory

Federal Level

State Level

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Bill H.4062 An Act relative to benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics.

Florida

Johnson H, Paulozzi L, Porucznik C, et al. Decline in drug overdose deaths after state policy changes – Florida, 2010-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(26):569-74. Article

13.3 Advocacy

13.4 Provider – Focused Strategies

13.5 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber

Gudin JA, Mogali S, Jones JD, Comer SD. Risks, management, and monitoring of combination opioid, benzodiazepines, and/or alcohol use. Postgrad Med. 2013;125(4):115-30. Article

Mugunthan K, McGuire T, Glasziou P. Minimal interventions to decrease long-term use of benzodiazepines in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2011;61(590):e573-8. Article

Sirdifield C, Anthierens S, Creupelandt H, et al. General practitioners’ experiences and perceptions of benzodiazepine prescribing: systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14:191. Article

13.6 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Audit & Feedback

Elliott RA, Woodward MC, Oborne CA. Improving benzodiazepine prescribing for elderly hospital inpatients using audit and multidisciplinary feedback. Intern Med J. 2001;31(9):529-35. Abstract

Flodgren G, Pomey MP, Taber SA, Eccles MP. Effectiveness of external inspection of compliance with standards in improving healthcare organization behavior, healthcare professional behavior or patient outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(11):CD008992. Article

Hurst D. Audit and feedback had small but potentially important improvements in professional practice. Evid Based Dent. 2013;14(1):8-9. Abstract

Ivers N, Jamtvedt G, Flottorp S, et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(6):CD000259. Abstract

13.7 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Care Management

Personalized care planning for adults with chronic or long-term health conditions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(3):CD010523. Abstract

13.8 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Decision Support

Arditi C, Rège-Walther M, Wyatt JC, et al. Computer-generated reminders delivered on paper to healthcare professionals; effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12:CD001175. Abstract

Glassman PA, Belperio P, Simon B, et al. Exposure to automated drug alerts over time: effects on clinicians’ knowledge and perceptions. Med Care. 2006;44(3):250-6. Abstract

Glassman PA, Simon B, Belperio P, Lanto A. Improving recognition of drug interactions: benefits and barriers to using automated drug alerts. Med Care. 2002;40(12):1161-71. Abstract

Hatton RC, Rosenberg AF, Morris CT, et al. Evaluation of contraindicated drug-drug interaction alerts in a hospital setting. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(3):297-308. Abstract

Isaac T, Weissman JS, Davis RB, et al. Overrides of medication alerts in ambulatory care. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(3):305-11. Abstract

Main C, Moxham T, Wyatt JC, et al. Computerized decision support systems in order communication for diagnostic, screening or monitoring test ordering: systematic reviews of the effects and cost-effectiveness of systems. Health Technol Assess. 2010;14(48):1-227. Article

McKibbon KA, Lokker C, Handler SM, et al. Enabling medication management through health information technology (Health IT). Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2011;(201):1-951. Abstract

Weingart SN, Toth M, Sands DZ, et al. Physicians’ decisions to override computerized drug alerts in primary care. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(21):2625-31. Abstract

Wipfli R, Betrancourt M, Guardia A, Lovis C. A qualitative analysis of prescription activity and alert usage in a computerized physician order entry system. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2011;169:940-4. Abstract

13.9 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber Education

Avorn J. Teaching clinicians about drugs – 50 years later, whose job is it? N Engl J Med. 2011;364(13):1185-7. Link

Farmer AP, Légaré F, Turcot L, et al. Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(3):CD004398. Abstract

Forsetlund L, Bjørndal A, Rashidian A, et al. Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD003030. Abstract

Inada k. Knowledge regarding Proper use guidelines for benzodiazepines. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2016;136(1):73-7. Abstract

Morris ZS, Wooding S, Grant J. The answer is 17 years, what is the question: understanding time lags in translational research. J R Soc Med. 2011;104(12):510-20. Article

Murthy L, Shepperd S, Clarke MJ, et al. Interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision-making by health system managers, policy makers and clinicians. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(9):CD009401. Abstract

Naismith SL, Hickie IB, Scott EM, Davenport TA. Effects of mental health training and clinical audit on general practitioners’ management of common mental disorders. Med J Aust. 2001;175 Suppl:S42-7. Abstract

Nutt DJ, Kessler RC, Alonso J, et al. Consensus statement on the benefit to the community of ESEMeD (European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders) survey data on depression and anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68 Suppl 2:42-8. Abstract

O’Brien MA, Rogers S, Jamtvedt G, et al. Educational outreach visits: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(4):CD000409. Abstract

Pimlott NJ, Hux JE, Wilson LM, et al. Educating physicians to reduce benzodiazepine use by elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2003;168(7):835-9. Article

Sahhar D, O’Connor D. How well do Australian medical schools prepare general practitioners to care for patients with mental disorders? Australas Psychiatry. 2004;12(1):26-30. Abstract

13.10 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber Financial Incentives

Flodgren G, Eccles MP, Shepperd S, et al. An overview of reviews evaluating the effectiveness of financial incentives in changing healthcare professional behaviors and patient outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD009255. Article

Scott A, Sivey P, Ait Ouakrim D, et al. The effect of financial incentives on the quality of health care provided by primary care physicians. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(9):CD008451. Abstract

Witter S, Fretheim A, Kessy FL, Lindahl AK. Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(2):CD007899. Abstract

13.11 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Guidelines & Policies

Franklin GM, Mai J, Turner J, et al. Bending the prescription opioid dosing and mortality curves: impact of the Washington State opioid dosing guideline. Am J Ind Med. 2012;55(4):325-31. Abstract

Fulton-Kehoe D, Garg RK, Turner JA, et al. Opioid poisonings and opioid adverse effects in workers in Washington State. Am J Ind Med. 2013 Abstract

Gaither JR, Goulet JL, Becker WC, et al. The association between receipt of guideline – concordant long-term opioid therapy and all-cause mortality. J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31(5):492-501. Abstract

Garg RK, Fulton-Kehoe D, Turner JA, et al. Changes in opioid prescribing for Washington workers’ compensation claimants after implementation of an opioid dosing guideline for chronic noncancer pain: 2004 to 2010. J Pain. 2013;14(12):1620-8. Abstract

Lader M, Benzodiazepine harm: how can it be reduced? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;77(2):295-301. Article

Maine BZ guideline workgroup

13.12 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Prescribing Restrictions

Franklin GM, Mai J, Turner J, et al. Bending the prescription opioid dosing and mortality curves: impact of the Washington State opioid dosing guideline. Am J Ind Med. 2012;55(4):325-31. Abstract

Ross-Degnan D, Simoni-Wastila L. Brown JS, et al. A controlled study of the effects of state surveillance on indicators of problematic and non-problematic benzodiazepine use in a Medicaid population. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2004;34(2):103-23. Link

Simoni-Wastilla L, Ross-Degnan D, Mah C, et al. A retrospective data analysis of the impact of the New York triplicate prescription program on benzodiazepine use in medicaid patients with chronic psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Clin Ther. 2004;26(2):322-36. Link

13.13 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Prescription Database

Dormuth CR, Miller TA, Huang A, et al. Effect of a centralized prescription network on inappropriate prescriptions for opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. CMAJ. 2012;184(16):E852-6. Article

Fisher J, Sanyal C, Frail D, Sketris I. The intended and unintended consequences of benzodiazepine monitoring programs: a review of the literature. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2012;37(1):7-21. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2012;37(1):7-21. Link

Gomes T, Jurrlink D, Yao Z, et al. Impact of legislation and a prescription monitoring program on the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions for monitored drugs in Ontario: a time series analysis. CMAJ Open. 2014;2(4):E256-61. Article

Paulozzi LJ, Strickler GK, Kreiner PW, et al. Controlled substance prescribing patterns – Prescription Behavior Surveillance System, eight states, 2013. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2015;64(9):1-14. Abstract

13.14 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Protocols / Clincal Pathways

Allen D, Gillen E, Rixson L. The effectiveness of integrated care pathways for adults and children in health care settings: a systematic review. JBI Libr Syst Rev. 2009;7(3):80-129. Abstract

13.15 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Provider-Provider Communication

Goyder C, Atherton H, Car M, et al. Email for clinical communication between healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD007979. Abstract

13.16 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Specialty Support Addiction

Darker CD, Sweeney BP, Barry JM, et al. Psychosocial interventions for benzodiazepine harmful use, abuse or dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(5):CD009652. Abstract

Sabioni P, Bertram J, Le Foll B. Off-label use of medications for treatment of benzodiazepine use disorder. Curr Pharm Design. 2016;(23): 3306-10. Abstract

Weizman T, Gelkopf M, Melamed Y, et al. Treatment of benzodiazepine dependence in methadone maintenance treatment patients: a comparison of two therapeutic modalities and the role of psychiatric comorbidity. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2003;37(4):458-63. Abstract

13.17 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Specialty Support Psychiatry

Howe CQ, Sullivan MD. The missing ‘P’ in pain management: how the current opioid epidemic highlights the need for psychiatric services in chronic pain care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014;36(1):99-104. Abstract

13.18 Provider – Focused Strategies: Prescriber – Specialty Support Sleep

Markota M, Rummans TA, Bostwick JM, Lapid MI. Benzodiazepine use in older adults: dangers, management, and alternative therapies. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(11):1632-9. Abstract

13.19 Provider – Focused Strategies: Pharmacist

Castelino RL, Bajorek BV, Chen TF. Targeting suboptimal prescribing in the elderly: a review of the impact of pharmacy services. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(6):1096-106. Abstract

Nkansah N, Mostovetsky O, Yu C, et al. Effect of outpatient pharmacists’ non-dispensing roles on patient outcomes and prescribing patterns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(7):CD000336. Abstract

Pande S, Hiller JE, Nkansah N, Bero L. The effect of pharmacist-provided non-dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(2):CD010398. Abstract

Pardo D, Miller L, Chiulli D. Implementation of a pharmacy consult to reduce co-prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines in a Veteran population. Subst Abus. 2017 Feb 6:0. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract

Shimane T. The pharmacist as gatekeeper of prescription drug abuse: return to “community scientists.” Yakugaku Zasshi. 2016;136(1):79-87. Abstract

Stuijt CC, Franssen EJ, Egberts AC, Hudson SA. Appropriateness of prescribing among elderly patients in a Dutch residential home: observational study of outcomes after a pharmacist-led medication review. Drugs Aging. 2008;25(11):947-54. Abstract

13.20 Provider – Focused Strategies: Behavioral Health

13.21 Pharmaceutical Industry Focused Strategies

Clay E, Falissard B, Moore N, Toumi M. Contribution of prolonged-release melatonin and anti-benzodiazepine campaigns to the reduction of benzodiazepine and Z-drugs consumption in nine European countries. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;69(4):1-10. Abstract

Labeling Warnings

Do A, Noohi S, Elie D, et al. Health Canada warning on citalopram and escitalopram – its effects on prescribing in consultation-liaison psychiatry. Psychosomatics. 2016;57(1):57-63. Abstract

13.22 Patient – Focused Strategies

Rees S, Williams A. Promoting and supporting self-management for adults living in the community with physical chronic illness: a systematic review of the effectiveness and meaningfulness of the patient-practitioner encounter. JBI Libr Syst Rev. 2009;7(13):492-582. Abstract

Ryan R, Santesso N, Lowe D, et al. Interventions to improve safe and effective medicines use by consumers: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD007768. Abstract

Communication: Provider – Patient

Atherton H, Sawmynaden P, Meyer B, Car J. Email for the coordination of healthcare appointments and attendance reminders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(8):CD007981. Abstract

Atherton H, Sawmynaden P, Sheikh A, et al. Email for clinical communication between patients / caregivers and healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11:CD007978. Abstract

de Jongh T, Gurol-Urganci I, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, et al. Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self-management of long-term illnesses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12:CD007459. Abstract

Gorgels WJ, Oude Voshaar RC, Mol AJ, et al. Discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine use by sending a letter to users in family practice: a prospective controlled intervention study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005;78(1):49-56. Abstract

Gurol-Urganci I, de Jongh T, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, et al. Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(12):CD007458. Abstract

Meyer B, Atherton H, Sawmynaden P, Car J. Email for communicating results of diagnostic medical investigations to patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(8):CD007980. Abstract

Informed Consent – Patient Education

Giguère A, Légaré F, Grimshaw J, et al. Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10:CD004398. Abstract

Martin P, Tamblyn R, Ahmed S, Tannenbaum C. An educational intervention to reduce the use of potentially inappropriate medications among older adults (EMPOWER study): protocol for a cluster randomized trial. Trials. 2013;14:80. Article

Tannenbaum C, Martin P, Tamblyn R, et al. Reduction of inappropriate benzodiazepine prescriptions among older adults through direct patient education: the EMPOWER cluster randomized trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(6):890-8. Article

13.23 Patient – Focused Strategies: Shared Decision Making

Definition

Epidemiology of SDM Use

Couët N, Desroches S, Robitaille H, et al. Assessments of the extent to which health-care providers involve patients in decision making: a systematic review of studies using the OPTION instrument. Health Expect. 2015;18(4):542-61. Article

Measurement

Intervention Strategies

Implementation

Elwyn G, Edwards A, Hood K, et al. Achieving involvement: process outcomes from a cluster randomized trial of shared decision making skill development and use of risk communication aids in general practice. Fam Pract. 2004;21(4):337-46. Abstract

Légaré F, Stacey D, Turcotte S, et al. Interventions for improving the adoption of shared decision making by healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(9):CD006732. Abstract

Légaré F, Turcotte S, Stacey D, et al. Patients’ perceptions of sharing in decisions: a systematic review of interventions to enhance shared decision making in routine clinical practice. Patient. 2012;5(1):1-19. Abstract

Outcomes

Barr PJ, Thompson R, Walsh T, et al. The psychometric properties of CollaboRATE: a fast and frugal patient-reported measure of the shared decision-making process. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(1):e2. Article

De las Cuevas C, Perestelo-Perez L, Rivero-Santana A, et al. Validation of the Spanish version of the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire. Health Expect. 2015;18(6):2143-53. Abstract

Elwyn G, Barr PJ, Grande SW, et al. Developing CollaboRATE: a fast and frugal patient-reported measure of shared decision making in clinical encounters. Patient Educ Couns. 2013;93(1):102-7. Abstract

Elwyn G, Frosch D, Thomson R, et al. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(10):1361-7. Article

Légaré F, Moumjid-Ferdjaoui N, Drolet R, et al. Core competencies for shared decision making training programs: insights from an international, interdisciplinary working group. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2013;33(4):267-73. Article

Légaré F, Bekker H, Desroches S, et al. How can continuing professional development better promote shared decision-making? Perspectives from an international collaboration. Implement Sci. 2011;6:68. Article

Légaré F, Ratté S, Stacey D, et al. Interventions for improving the adoption of shared decision making by healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(5):CD006732. Abstract

Murray E, Charles C, Gafni A. Shared decision-making in primary care: tailoring the Charles et al. model to fit the context of general practice. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;62(2):205-11. Abstract

Rodenburg-Vandenbussche S, Pieterse AH, Kroonenberg PM, et al. Dutch Translation and Psychometric Testing of the 9-Item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) and Shared Decision Making Questionnaire-Physician Version (SDM-Q-Doc) in Primary and Secondary Care. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0132158. Abstract

Scholl I, Kriston L, Dirmaier J, Härter M. Comparing the nine-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire to the OPTION Scale – an attempt to establish convergent validity. Health Expect. 2015;18(1):137-50. Article

Scholl I, Kriston L, Dirmaier J, et al. Development and psychometric properties of the Shared Decision Making Questionnaire – physician version (SDM-Q-Doc). Patient Educ Couns. 2012;88(2):284-90. Abstract

Truglio-Londrigan M, Slyer JT, Singleton JK, Worral P. A qualitative systematic review of internal and external influences on shared decision-making in all health care settings. JBI Libr Syst Rev. 2012;10(58):4633-4646. Abstract

13.24 Public – Focused Strategies

Marshall KP, Georgievskava Z, Georgievsky I. Social reactions to Valium and Prozac: a cultural lag perspective of drug diffusion and adoption. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2009;5(2):94-107. Abstract

13.25 Research Needs

Alldred DP, Kennedy MC, Hughes C, et al. Interventions to optimize prescribing for older people in care homes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2:CD009095. Abstract

Barry KJ. Collective inquiry: understanding the essence of best practice construction in mental health. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2007;14(6):558-65. Abstract

Carling CL, Kirkehei I, Dalsbø TK, Paulsen E. Risks to patient safety associated with implementation of electronic applications for medication management in ambulatory care – a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2013;13:133. Article

Christensen M, Lundh A. Medication review in hospitalized patients to reduce morbidity and mortality. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2:CD008986. Abstract

Hendriksen H, Groenink L. Back to the future of psychopharmacology: A perspective on animal models in drug discovery. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;759:30-41. Abstract

Heinemann S, Weiß V, Straube K, et al. Understanding and reducing the prescription of hypnotics and sedatives at the interface of hospital care and general practice: a protocol for a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open. 2016; 6(8): e011908. Article

Hyman SE. Revitalizing psychiatric therapeutics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014;39(1):220-9. Article

McKibbon KA, Lokker C, Handler SM, et al. The effectiveness of integrated health information technologies across the phases of medication management: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19(1):22-30. Abstract

Millan MJ, Goodwin GM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ögren SO. 60 years of advances in neuropsychopharmacology for improving brain health, renewed hope for progress. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(5):591-8. Abstract

Millan MJ, Goodwin GM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ove Ögren S. Learning from the past and looking to the future: Emerging perspectives for improving the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(5):599-656. Abstract

Pedrana L, Pamponet M, Walker R, et al. Scoping review: national monitoring frameworks for social determinants of health and health equity. Glob Health Action. 2016;9:28831. Article

Stewart AM, Nguyen M, Poudel MK, et al. The failure of anxiolytic therapies in early clinical trials: what needs to be done. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2015;24(4):543-56. Abstract

13.26 Comprehensive Strategies for Other Risk Domains

Warner M, Chen LH, Makuc DM, et al. Drug poisoning deaths in the United States, 1980-2008. NCHS Data Brief. 2011;(81):1-8. Abstract

Opioid Prescribing

Seat Belt

Tobacco

13.27 Change Process

Civil Society Diplomacy

Szabó de Carvalho 2014 4 lessons I learned from taking a stand against drugs and gun violence – You Tube

Change and control the narrative (change from prosecuting a war on drugs to putting the health and safety of people first)
Never underestimate your opponents
Use data to drive the arguments (try to cut through the emotions to get to the facts)
Don’t be afraid to bring together strange bedfellows

Negotiation Skills

Motivational Interviewing

Library 13 Benzodiazepine Prescribing Improvement Strategies

13 Benzodiazepine Prescribing Improvement Strategies

13.1 Reviews